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  • Brassica  (6)
  • Protoplast fusion  (6)
  • Bipolaris  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of male sterile, triazine-resistant Brassica napus by somatic hybridization between cytoplasmic male sterile B. oleracea and atrazine-resistant B. campestris (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; Protoplast fusion ; Triazine resistance ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Fusion of leaf protoplasts from an inbred line of Brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis (cauliflower, n=9) carrying the Ogura (R1) male sterile cytoplasm with hypocotyl protoplasts of B. campestris ssp. oleifera (cv “Candle”, n=10) carrying an atrazine-resistant (ATR) cytoplasm resulted in the production of synthetic B. napus (n=19). Thirty-four somatic hybrids were produced; they were characterized for morphology, phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes, ribosomal DNA hybridization patterns, chromosome numbers, and organelle composition. All somatic hybrids carried atrazine-resistant chloroplasts derived from B. campestris. The mitochondrial genomes in 19 hybrids were examined by restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analyses. Twelve of the 19 hybrids contained mitochondria showing novel DNA restriction patterns; of these 12 hybrids, 5 were male sterile and 7 were male fertile. The remaining hybrids contained mitochondrial DNA that was identical to that of the ATR parent and all were male fertile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265310
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atrazine-resistant cytoplasmic male-sterile-nigra broccoli obtained by protoplast fusion between cytoplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea and atrazine-resistant Brassica campestris (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1991), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica ; Atrazine resistance ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Protoplast fusion ; CMS-nigra
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Protoplast fusion was used to combine the cytoplasmic traits of atrazine resistance and male sterility in Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli). Leaf protoplasts from broccoli with the petaloid B. nigra type of cytoplasmic male sterility were fused with hypocotyl protoplasts from an atrazine-resistant biotype of B. campestris var. oleifera cv Candle (oilseed rape). A total of 19 colonies regenerated shoots, all of which were broccolilike in phenotype, i.e., lacked trichomes. Four shoots, all from one colony, were atrazine resistant, surviving and growing in the presence of 25 μM atrazine. A leaf piece assay also confirmed that they were atrazine resistant. Molecular analysis showed that they contain chloroplasts from the atrazine-resistant B. campestris parent and mitochondria from the B. nigra parent. No recombination or rearrangement of the mitochondrial genomes in the fusion products was detected. These four plants and their progeny all showed the petaloid B. nigra type of male sterility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226252
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on the fungal phytotoxin victorin: Structures of three novel amino acids from the acid hydrolyzate (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1370-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Cochliobolus victoriae ; Helminthosporium ; Bipolaris ; Avena
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The host-selective phytotoxin victorin, produced by the fungusCochliobolus victoriae, was found to be at least partially peptidic in nature, and did not contain victoxinine. The exact mass of the M-H ion was measured by FABMS as 795.1877. Derivatives of three major acid hydrolysis products were isolated. The structures of the corresponding amino acids were assigned as 2S,3R-3-hydroxyleucine, 5,5-dichloroleucine, and 3-hydroxylysine. A into victorin by the fungus in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01949994
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel mitochondrial genomes in Brassica napus somatic hybrids (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica ; Somatic hybrids ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA rearrangement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The mitochondrial genomes of nine male-fertile and two Ogura cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) Brassica napus somatic hybrids were probed with 46 mitochondrial DNA fragments. The distribution of information obtained from each fusion partner was not random. Several regions, including the coxI gene and a major recombination repeat sequence, were always derived from the Brassica campestris fusion partner, and some regions were always derived from the Ogura mitochondrial genome. Novel fragments occurred in seven distinct regions. Some of the rearrangement breakpoints were located near the evolutionary breakpoints relating the mitochondrial genomes of the Brassica species. The sizes of the mitochondrial genomes in the somatic hybrids ranged from 224.8 to 285.3 kb. A direct correlation between a specific gene and the cms phenotype was not observed; however, a possible cms-associated region was identified. It corresponds to a region that was identified through analysis of fertile revertants from a cms B. napus cybrid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351732
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rearrangement, amplification, and assortment of mitochondrial DNA molecules in cultured cells of Brassica campestris (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica ; Callus culture ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Genomic variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We compared Brassica campestris mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs from whole plants and from a 2-year-old cell culture. No differences were observed in the chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs), whereas the culture mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extensively altered. Hybridization analysis revealed that the alterations are due entirely to rearrangement. At least two inversions and one large duplication are found in the culture mtDNA. The duplication element is shown to have the usual properties of a plant mtDNA high frequency “recombination repeat”. The culture mtDNA exists as a complex heterogeneous population of rearranged and unrearranged molecules. Some of the culture-associated rearranged molecules are present in low levels in native plant tissue and appear to have sorted out and amplified in the culture. Other mtDNA rearrangements may have occurred de novo. In addition to alterations of the main mitochondrial genome, an 11.3 kb linear mtDNA plasmid present in whole plants is absent from the culture. Contrary to findings in cultured cells of other plants, small circular mtDNA molecules were not detected in the B. campestris cell culture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292310
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atrazine-resistant cauliflower obtained by somatic hybridization between Brassica oleracea and ATR-B. napus (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica oleracea ; Protoplast fusion ; Herbicide resistance ; Cytoplasmic traits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Somatic hybridization between Brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis (cauliflower, 2n=18), carrying the Ogura (R1) male-sterile cytoplasm and B. napus (2n= 38), carrying a male-fertile, atrazine-resistant (ATR) cytoplasm, yielded three hybrids (2n=56) and six cauliflower cybrids (2n=18), which were selected for resistance to the herbicide in vitro. The hybrids and cybrids were male fertile and self-compatible. They contained both chloroplasts and mitochondria from the ATR cytoplasm. We found no evidence for mtDNA recombination in any of the regenerated plants. Selfed progeny of the B. oleracea atrazine-resistant cybrids were evaluated for tolerance to the herbicide in the field. Resistant plants exposed to 0.56–4.48 kg/ha (0.5–4.0 pounds/acre) atrazine in the soil showed no damage at any herbicide level, whereas plants of a susceptible alloplasmic line were severely damaged at the lowest level of herbicide application and killed at all higher levels. These atrazine-resistant cauliflower may have potential horticultural use, especially in fields where atrazine carry over is a serious problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288810
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Camalexin induction in intertribal somatic hybrids between Camelina sativa and rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 164-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Intertribal somatic hybrids ; Brassica ; Camelina sativa ; Alternaria ; Camalexin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   Camelina sativa, a wild relative of Brassica crops, is virtually immune to blackspot disease caused by Alternaria brassicicola. Intertribal somatic hybrids were produced between C. sativa and rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea as a step toward the transfer of resistance to this disease into Brassica vegetable crops. The plants recovered were confirmed as somatic hybrids by flow cytometry and RAPD analysis. All hybrids showed a morphology intermediate between the two parents. Rooted plants grew in soil up to 4–5 weeks, and some produced sterile flowers. Two of three hybrids tested showed a high level of resistance to  A. brassicicola. Resistance was correlated with the induction of high levels of the phytoalexin camalexin 48 h after inoculation, as in the resistant Camelina fusion partner. In contrast, susceptible somatic hybrids produced much lower levels of camalexin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051053
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved resistance to bacterial soft rot by protoplast fusion between Brassica rapa and B. oleracea (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 810-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bacterial soft rot ; Disease resistance ; Chinese cabbage ; Protoplast fusion ; Brassica rapa ; B. oleracea ; B. napus ; Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Erwinia soft rot is a destructive disease of Brassica rapa vegetables. Reliable sources of resistance and control methods are limited, so development of highly resistant breeding lines is desirable. Protoplasts from B. rapa and B. oleracea genotypes selected for resistance to soft rot were fused in order to combine different sources of resistance. Twelve somatic hybrids (synthetic B. napus) were obtained and confirmed by morphology, nuclear DNA content, and RAPD analysis. They were normal looking plants that easily set seeds following self-pollination and backcrossing to B. rapa. Assays of detached leaves or seedlings inoculated in a mist-chamber showed that most somatic hybrids had lower disease severity ratings than the B. rapa fusion partner and a commercial variety of B. napus. Some progeny from selfing or backcrossing of somatic hybrids to B. rapa showed much more resistance than either fusion partner. The offspring populations of the somatic hybrids (F1–S1 and F1–BC1) clearly moved to the resistant direction compared to the parents; the percentage of resistant plants increased from 21% (average of parents) to 36% (F1–S1) and 48% (F1–BC1). These results suggest that it may be possible to obtain highly resistant B. rapa lines by further backcrossing and selection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051356
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of organelle genomes in a somatic hybrid derived from cytoplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea and atrazine-resistant B. campestris (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Somatic hybridization ; Atrazine resistance ; Mitochondrial recombinants ; Brassica ; Cytoplasmic male sterility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An atrazine-resistant, male-fertile Brassica napus plant was synthesized by fusion of protoplasts from the diploid species B. oleracea and B. campestris. Leaf protoplasts from B. oleracea var. italica carrying the Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm derived from Raphanus sativus were fused with etiolated hypocotyl protoplasts of atrazine-resistant B. campestris. The selection procedure was based on the inability of B. campestris protoplasts to regenerate in the media used, and the reduction of light-induced growth of B. oleracea tissue by atrazine. A somatic hybrid plant that differed in morphology from both B. oleracea and B. campestris was regenerated on medium containing 50 μM atrazine. Its chromosome number was 36–38, approximately that of B. napus. Furthermore, nuclear ribosomal DNA from this hybrid was a mixture of both parental rDNAs. Southern blot analyses of chloroplast DNA and an assay involving tetrazolium blue indicated that the hybrid contained atrazine-resistant B. campestris chloroplasts. The hybrid's mitochondrial genome was recombinant, containing fragments unique to each parent, as well as novel fragments carrying putative crossover points. Although the plant was female-sterile, it was successfully used to pollinate B. napus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274711
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct transfer of a cold-tolerant Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm into cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata) via protoplast fusion (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cabbage ; Cybrid ; Brassica ; Protoplast fusion ; Cytoplasmic male sterility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cold tolerant cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was produced by the fusion of leaf protoplasts from fertile cabbage and cold-tolerant Ogura CMS broccoli lines. The cabbage lines tested showed great variation in plant regeneration from unfused protoplasts; three with high regenerability were selected as the fusion partners. Several procedures for eliminating the nuclear DNA of the broccoli fusion partner were tested. Diploid cabbage plants were identified by flow cytometry and morphological characters. Gamma-irradiation (30 krad) was the most successful procedure; isolation of cytoplasts from broccoli leaf protoplasts, followed by gamma-irradiation of the cytoplast fraction, also produced diploids. UV-irradiation of the broccoli protoplasts was less effective. PCR using primers for an Ogura CMS-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence permitted the identification of cybrids likely to be CMS. Over 200 diploid plants with the CMS-specific sequence were obtained from 66 independent fusion products and three cabbage lines. Plants were ready for transfer into soil within 8 months after fusion. The plants identified as CMS by PCR produced male-sterile flowers. Our procedures permit the transfer of a desirable male-sterile cytoplasm into cabbage much more rapidly than conventional backcrossing procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050402
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