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  • Mutagenicity  (2)
  • Bitumen painters  (1)
  • DNA binding  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words DNA strand breaks ; DNA adducts ; Biomonitoring ; Roofers ; Road paving workers ; Bitumen painters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genotoxic effect of occupational exposure to bitumen-based products was determined by the extent of DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites of the DNA of peripheral mononuclear blood cells from seven roofers, 18 road paving workers, and nine bitumen painters. In order to evaluate short-term genotoxic effect the workers were investigated on Fridays and on Mondays after a weekend free of occupational exposure. The roofers (all cigarette smokers) showed a significantly (P 〈 0.002) 43% higher mean level of alkaline DNA strand breaks on Friday than did the ten smoking controls included in this study. Also, comparison of the individual levels of alkaline strand breaks on Mondays and on Fridays revealed a significant increase (P 〈 0.05, Wilcoxon test) during the work week. In the road paving workers and the bitumen painters no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of alkaline strand breaks could be found compared to controls either for the measurement on Mondays or for that on Fridays. However, interesting tendencies were observed. As in the group of roofers, the mean level of alkaline DNA strand breaks as well as the majority of the individual levels of alkaline strand breaks of road paving workers was higher on Fridays than on Mondays. In contrast, bitumen painters exhibited a relatively high level of alkaline DNA strand breaks on Mondays and a decreased mean level of strand breaks on Fridays. DNA adducts could be detected at a low level (up to 2.9 adducts per 109 bases) in 10 of 14 road paving workers and bitumen painters using the 32P-postlabelling assay. The number of DNA adducts correlated with the years spent in the present job. Road paving workers and bitumen painters showed only suggestive evidence for a possible genotoxic effect due to their occupational exposure. Because we cannot exclude the formation of DNA cross-links in these workers, a more detailed investigation of the hazard is urgently needed. For roofers, substantial genotoxic damage in peripheral mononuclear blood cells was observed in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 39 (1977), S. 65-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Epoxide hydratase ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Mutagenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Rolle der Epoxidhydratase wurde untersucht in bezug auf die Mutagenität von Benzo(a)pyren. Benzo(a)pyren wurde mit Lebermikrosomen aktiviert. Mutagene wurden festgestellt anhand der Reversion der his − Salmonella typhimurium-Stämme TA 1537 und TA 98. Die beiden Stämme wurden sehr unterschiedlich durch verschiedene mutagene Benzo(a)pyren-Metabolite rückmutiert. Es zeigte sich, daß das Muster der mutagenen Metabolite, die durch Mikrosomen von Methylcholanthren-behandelten Mäusen aus Benzo(a)pyren gebildet wurden, sehr verschieden war vom Muster bei Aktivierung durch Mikrosomen von Kontroll-oder von Phenobarbital-behandelten Mäusen. Jedoch trugen in allen drei Fällen wenigstens zwei verschiedene mutagene Metabolite signifikant zur Mutagenität bei. Epoxidhydratase reduzierte sehr effektiv die Mutagenität, wenn Benzo(a)pyren durch Mikrosomen von Kontroll-oder von Phenobarbital-behandelten Mäusen aktiviert wurde. Wenn jedoch Mikrosomen von Methylcholanthren-behandelten Tieren verwendet wurden, war der Effekt der Epoxidhydratase stark von der Benzo(a)pyren-Konzentration abhängig. Bei niedriger Konzentration erhöhte Zugabe von Epoxidhydratase und erniedrigten Epoxidhydratasehemmstoffe die Mutagenität. Bei hohen Konzentrationen wurde das Umgekehrte festgestellt. Diese Befunde wurden dahingehend interpretiert, daß bei der Aktivierung mit Mikrosomen von unbehandelten und von Phenobarbital-induzierten Mäusen einfache Epoxide (oder Substanzen, die nicht-enzymatisch daraus gebildet wurden) hauptsächlich für die Mutagenität verantwortlich waren, daß dagegen Mutagene, die über Dihydrodiole gebildet wurden, bedeutend zur Mutagenität beitrugen, wenn Mikrosomen von Methylcholanthren-behandelten Mäusen verwendet wurden. Die Rolle der Epoxidhydratase, ob aktivierend oder inaktivierend, wird demnach bestimmt durch die Form der Monooxygenase, die an der Aktivierung beteiligt ist.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of epoxide hydratase upon the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene was investigated using two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA 1537 and TA 98). These two bacterial strains were found to differ characteristically in their susceptibility to different mutagens biologically produced from benzo(a)pyrene providing a diagnostic tool to investigate which types of mutagenic metabolites were produced in various metabolic situations. The results showed that the pattern of mutagenic metabolites produced by microsomes from methylcholanthrene-treated mice was very different from that produced by microsomes from phenobarbital-treated or untreated mice. However in all cases at least two mutagenic metabolites were produced. Epoxide hydratase was very efficient at reducing the mutagenic effect when benzo(a)pyrene was activated by microsomes from untreated or phenobarbital-treated mice. However, when microsomes from methylcholanthrene-treated mice were used the effect of hydratase depended upon the benzo(a)pyrene concentration. At low concentrations the mutagenicity was increased by addition of epoxide hydratase and decreased by inhibition of the hydratase. At high concentrations the reverse was true. These findings indicate that when microsomes from untreated and phenobarbital-treated mice were used the main contributors to the mutagenicity were simple epoxides (or compounds arising non-enzymically from them). The activation of dihydrodiols must, however, contribute to a significant extent when microsomes from methylcholanthrene-treated mice were used. Thus the role of epoxide hydratase was determined by the monooxygenase form present in the microsomes in the activating system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Parenchymal cells ; Nonparenchymal cells ; Mutagenicity ; DNA binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro studies with rat liver parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were undertaken to investigate cell-specific bioactivation of aflatoxin B1, DNA binding and adduct formation. In the mutagenicity studies, using homogenates of all three separated liver cell populations (co-incubated with NADP+ and glucose-6-phosphate as cofactors for the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system) parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells were able to activate aflatoxin B1 to a metabolite mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. In the case of nonparenchymal cells (i.e. Kupffer and endothelial cells) 10-fold higher concentrations of aflatoxin B1 had to be used to obtain a similar number of revertants to that observed with parenchymal cells. Induction studies with Aroclor 1254 led to a striking decrease in the activation of aflatoxin B1 in parenchymal cells, whereas nonparenchymal cells had a slightly enhanced metabolic activation capacity for aflatoxin B1. Metabolism studies with microsomes from induced and noninduced cells using testosterone as substrate revealed comparable results: after induction with Aroclor 1254, parenchymal cells showed a 60% decrease in the formation rate of 2α-hydroxytestosterone, whereas the formation rate of this metabolite remained unchanged in nonparenchymal cells; 2α-hydroxytestosterone is specifically formed by cytochrome P-450 IIC11, which also catalyses the activation of aflatoxin B1 to its epoxide. When freshly isolated, intact cells were incubated with tritiated aflatoxin B1, a dose-dependent aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA in parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells was observed. HPLC analysis of DNA acid hydrolysates of all three cell types showed the major adduct to be 8,9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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