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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5)
  • Emergency endoscopy  (3)
  • Bleeding peptic ulcer  (2)
  • Ethanol withdrawal  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Sex differences ; Nicotine ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Discriminative stimulus ; Ethanol withdrawal ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Nicotine and ethanol are frequently co-abused in men and women, but few studies compare common stimulus effects produced by these substances between males and females. Objectives: This study compared the anxiety-like behavior induced by nicotine prior to and during ethanol withdrawal in intact male, sham-operated female, and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Using an animal model of anxiety, the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) drug-discrimination assay, rats were trained to discriminate PTZ (16 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline and were subjected to the following tests: (1) PTZ-lever selection at 12 h after termination of ethanol diet (4.5% for 10 days); (2) dose–response tests for nicotine (0.08– 1.3 mg/kg) prior to ethanol and 1.5, 6, and 7 days after ethanol withdrawal. Results: (1) During acute ethanol withdrawal (12 h), more male rats (43.4%) responded on the PTZ lever than OVX (29%) or sham female (15.3%) rats. (2) For nicotine dose–response tests, more male rats (70%) selected the PTZ lever than OVX (37.5%) or sham female (50%) rats prior to ethanol. At 1.5 days, nicotine fully generalized to the PTZ stimulus in male (100%) and OVX (90%), but only partially in sham female (50%) rats. At 6 days and 7 days after ethanol withdrawal, the PTZ-lever selection decreased, but more male rats (78%) tended to respond on a PTZ lever than OVX (63.6%) or sham female rats (62.5%). Conclusions: Acute nicotine produces anxiety-like behavior similar to that of PTZ in male and female rats, and this effect of nicotine is intensified during ethanol withdrawal in male and OVX rats, but not in sham female rats.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words  m-Chlorophenylpiperazine ; Drug discrimination ; Ethanol withdrawal ; Anxiety ; 17β-estradiol ; Sex difference ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The serotonergic system plays a role in regulation of anxiety and ethanol withdrawal (EW). Nevertheless, few studies have assessed sex differences in serotonergic effects on EW. Objectives: This study examined sex differences in the anxiogenic stimu-li induced by a serotonin (5-HT)1b/2 agonist, meta- chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), prior to ethanol and during EW. Methods: Gonadectomized or sham-operated adult male and female rats and 17β-estradiol (2.5 mg, 21-day release, s.c.) -replaced ovariectomized (OVX) rats were trained to discriminate mCPP (1.2 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline in a two-lever choice task for food. Latency to the first lever press and mCPP lever selection were measured following mCPP (0–1.2 mg/kg). Rats then received chronic ethanol-containing liquid diet (6.5%) for 10 days and were tested for mCPP lever selection 12 h and 36 h after removal of ethanol. Results: Fewer sham female and β-estradiol-replaced OVX rats selected the mCPP lever than male or OVX rats, and showed an increased initiation latency after mCPP injection. During EW (12 h and 36 h), fewer sham female and β-estradiol-replaced OVX rats responded on the mCPP-lever after saline injection as well as after mCPP challenge than male or OVX rats. Castration did not alter any response of male rats to mCPP. Conclusions: (1) mCPP discrimination is a useful measure of EW in male and female rats; and (2) sham female and β-estradiol-replaced OVX rats are less sensitive to the discriminative stimulus prior to and during EW, but more sensitive to impaired behavioral initiation induced by mCPP than male or OVX rats.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 943-944 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Bleeding peptic ulcer ; Recurrent hemorrhage ; Emergency endoscopy ; Ulcusblutung ; Rezidivblutung ; Notfallendoskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch ein aggressiveres endoskopisch-chirurgisches Therapieschema (endoskopische Blutstillung unabhängig vom Forrest-Stadium, F Ia: Auch nach erfolgreicher Unterspritzung OP innerhalb 6 h, F Ib, II: Kontroll-Endoskopie und evtl. nochmalige Unterspritzung) konnten die Ergebnisse -signifikant verbessert werden: Senkung der Re-Blutungsrate von 35% auf 16% (P〈0,05), der Notfall-OP-Rate wegen Re-Blutung von 66% auf 28% (P 〈 0,05), Senkung der Letalität von 14,3% auf 6,3%.
    Notes: Summary Using a new therapeutic regimen for bleeding peptic ulcers, the results improved significantly: endoscopic hemostasis regardless of the Forrest stage, F I a: early operation within 6 h, even if the primary endoscopic hemostasis was successful; F I b, 11: second endoscopy within 24 h and repeat hemostasis, if necessary. The rate of rebleeding was reduced from 35% to 16% (sP〈 0.05), the rate of emergency operations due to rebleeding from 66% to 28% (P〈0.05), and mortality decreased from 14.3% to 6.3%.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 869-870 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Medical decision making ; Bleeding peptic ulcer ; Recurrent haemorrhage ; Emergency endoscopy ; Entscheidungsfindung ; Ulcusblutung ; Rezidivblutung ; Notfallendoskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Hauptproblem in der Therapie des blutenden Ulcus ist die Rezidiv-Blutung nach konservativer oder endoskopischer Blutstillung. Die dann erforderliche Not-OP hat eine hohe Letalität (16%) gegenüber der elektiven OP (7%). Neue Therapie-Richtlinien: Endoskopische Blutstillung in jedem Blutungsstadium. Forrest la: Frühoperation. Forrest I b, II: Kontrollendoskopie nach 24 h. Die wiederholte endoskopische Kontrolle und Blutstillung führt vermehrt zu einer elektiven und selektiven Chirurgie mit einer Abnahme der postoperativen Komplikationen.
    Notes: Summary The main problem in therapy of bleeding peptic ulcer is recurrent haemorrhage after conservative or endoscopic haemostasis. Mortality of emergency operations due to rebleeding was more than twice as high (16%) as mortality of elective operations (7%). New regimen: Endoscopic haemostasis regardless of Forrest stage. Forrest I a: Early operation. Forrest I b, 11: Second endoscopy after 24 h. Repeated endoscopic treatment leads to more elective and selective surgery with decrease of postoperative complications.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 364 (1984), S. 494-494 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Acute abdominal disease ; Emergency endoscopy ; Perforated peptic ulcer ; Pseudo-obstruction of the colon ; Akutes Abdomen ; Notfallendoskopie ; Gedeckte Ulcusperforation ; Pseudoobstruktion des Colons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das akute Abdomen ist eine chirurgische Erkrankung, die durch Anamnese, Inspektion, Palpation, Auskultation beurteilt wird. Im besonderen Fall unter besonderen Umständen bedarf es der Endoskopie. Beim Verdacht auf Ulcusperforation wird inspiziert. Der differentialdiagnostische Gewinn exakter Befundlokalisation ist größer als das Risiko der Eröffnung einer gedeckten Perforation. Die akute biliäre Pankreatitis, die tumor- oder steinbedingte septiforme Cholangitis wird durch ERCP, Sphincterotomie, Steinextraktion bzw. transpapilläre Ablaufsonde endoskopisch beherrscht. Die Pseudoobstruktion des Colons wird durch transanal ins Colon transversum eingeführte Dekompressionssonde erfolgreich beseitigt.
    Notes: Summary An acute abdominal disorder is a surgical disease, diagnosed by anamnesis, inspection, palpation and auscultation. In a special case and under special circumstances endoscopy is necessary. When we suspect perforation of a peptic ulcer, we perform endoscopy. The advantage of exact differential diagnosis is greater than the risk of opening a covered perforation. Acute biliary pancreatitis and tumorous or concremental septiform cholangitis should be controlled endoscopically by ERCP, sphincterotomy, stone extraction or biliary drainage, respectively. Pseudo-obstruction of the colon will be relieved by the insertion of decompressing tubes into the transverse colon per anum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 589 (1990), S. 122-128 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanism of the Decomposition of Chromium Indium Sulfide Spinel Solid Solutions - Transmission Electron Microscope Studies (HRTEM)The mechanism of the probably spinodal decomposition of the spinel type solid solutions MCr2-2xIn2xS4 with M = Fe, Co below 850 and 1000°C, respectively, was studied by high resolution transmission electron microscope technique (HRTEM). The decomposition starts by migration of the metal ions in the tetrahedral 8a sites of the spinel structure to the 16c interstitial sites forming lamellar domains of NaCl structure and NaCl superstructure (Zr3S4 or LiVO2 type), respectively.
    Notes: Der Mechanismus der wahrscheinlich spinodalen Entmischung von Spinellmischkristallen des Typs MCr2-2xIn2xS4 (M = Fe, Co) unterhalb 850 bzw. 1000°C wurde mit Hilfe hochauflösender transmissionselektronenmikroskopischer Messungen (HRTEM) untersucht. Die Entmischung erfolgt primär durch Platzwechsel der tetraedrisch koordinierten Metallionen (8a-Lagen der Spinellstruktur) auf oktaedrische 16c-Zwischengitterpositionen unter Ausbildung von lamellaren Domänen mit NaCl-Struktur bzw. NaCl-Überstruktur (Zr3S4- bzw. LiVO2-Typ).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 566 (1988), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure, F.I.R., and Raman Spectra of GaCrSe3The crystal structure of GaCrSe3 oP20 was determined by single crystal X-ray methods (final R = 1.6% for 949 observed reflections, I 〉 2σI). GaCrSe3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with Z = 4 (CuTaS3 type) and a = 1011.82(7), b = 373.45(3), and c = 1239.2(1) pm. The structure is built up on rectangular columns in [010] of edge shared GaSe4 tetrahedra and CrSe6 octahedra of the sequence (GaSe4)(CrSe6)2(GaSe4) in [101] and [101], respectively, which are connected via the corners in such a manner that channels in [010] of trigonal prismatic cavities are formed. The single crystals were grown by vapour phase transport method using I2 as transporting agent. The f.i.r. and Raman spectra of GaCrSe3 as well as a group theoretical treatment of the phonon modes are reported. In the ternary system Ga2Se3-Cr2Se3, monoclinic Ga1,3Cr0,7Se3 and hexagonal CrGa1,66Se4 (FeGaS4-type) have been established additionally to the orthorhombic GaCrSe3.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur der bisher nicht beschriebenen Verbindung GaCrSe3oP20 wurde anhand von Einkristalldaten bestimmt (R = 1,6% für 949 beobachtete (I 〉 2σI) Reflexe). GaCrSe3 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pnma mit Z = 4 (CuTaS3-Typ) sowie a = 1011,82(7), b = 373,45(3) und c = 1239,2(1) pm. Der Struktur liegen rechteckige Säulen in [010] aus kantenverknüpften CrSe6-Oktaedern und GaSe4-Tetraedern der Folge (GaSe4)(CrSe6)2(GaSe4) in [101] bzw. [101] zugrunde, die über die Ecken der Oktaeder- und Tetraederbaueinheiten so verknüpft sind, daß in [010] angeordnete Kanäle mit trigonal-prismatischen Lücken gebildet werden. Die Darstellung von Einkristallen des GaCrSe3 erfolgte durch Gasphasen-transport mit Iod. Das FIR- und Ramanspektrum des GaCrSe3 sowie die Schwingungsabzählung der Gitterschwingungen dieses Strukturtyps werden mitgeteilt. Neben dem orthorhombischen GaCrSe3 existieren im System Ga2Se3-Cr2Se3 monoklines Ga1,3Cr0,7Se3 und hexagonales CrGa1,66Se4 (FeGa2S4-Typ).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cation Distribution and Superstructure Ordering in Ternary and Quaternary Sulfide Spinels MIIM2III S4 - Single Crystal Structure DeterminationsThe crystal structures of spinel type MIn2S4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni), MCr2-2xIn2xS4 (M = Mn, Ni), and Cd0.52Co0,48Cr2S4 were reinvestigated by X-ray methods using single crystals grown by vapour phase transport technique. The indium sulfides possess a partially inverse distribution of the metal ions on the tetrahedral (8a) and octahedral sites (16d) of the structure. The degrees of inversion λ are 0.34 (MnIn2S4, a = 1072.0(1) pm, structural parameter u = 0.25726(2)), 0.84 (CoIn2S4, a = 1058.1(1) pm, u = 0.26921(5)) und 0.93 (NiIn2S4 a = 1050.5(1), u = 0.26040(3)). In the case of the chromium indium sulfide solid solutions, the degrees of inversion (and the structural parameters) increase (and decrease) linearly with increase in indium content x. ψ-scans of reflections not allowed in the space group Fd3m do not prove simultaneous diffraction. Refinement of the structure of MnIn2S4 in space group F43m results in a partial superstructure ordering of Mn and In on the tetrahedral sites, 4a Mn0.83In0.17, 4c Mn0.49In0.51. In the case of Cd0.52Co0.48Cr2S4, superstructure ordering is like Cd0.41Co0.59 and Cd0.62Co0.38, respectively.
    Notes: Die Kristallstrukturen der Spinelle MIn2S4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni), MCr2-2xIn2xS4 (M = Mn, Ni) and Cd0,52Co0,48Cr2S4 wurden an durch Gasphasentransport erhaltenen Einkristallen neu bestimmt. Die Indiumsulfide besitzen eine partiell inverse Verteilung der Metallionen auf die Tetraeder(8a)- und Oktaederplätze(16d) der Struktur. Die Inversionsgrade γ betragen 0,34 (MnIn2S4, a = 1072,0(1) pm, Lageparameter u = 0,25726(2)), 0,84 (CoIn2S4 a = 1058,1(l)pm, u = 0,25921(5)) und 0,93 (NiIn2S4, a = 1050,5(1), u = 0,26040(3)). Die Inversionsgrade und Lageparameter der Chromindiumsulfidspinell-Mischkristalle zeigen eine annähernd lineare Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung x. ψ-scans der in der Raumgruppe Fd3m symmetrieverbotenen Reflexe ergaben keinen eindeutigen Nachweis auf Mehrfachreflexion. Eine Verfeinerung der Strukturen des MnIn2S4 und des Cd0,52Co0,48Cr2S4 in der Raumgruppe F43m ergab eine partielle Überstrukturordnung des Mangans und Indiums bzw. Cadmiums und Cobalts auf den Tetraederplätzen der Struktur, 4a-Lage: Mn0,83In0,17, Cd0,41Co0,59 4c: Mn0,49Ino,51, Cd0,52Co0,38.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 554 (1987), S. 87-91 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structures of Loellingite FeAs2 and of Pyrite RuTe2The structures of loellingite FeAs2 and pyrite type RuTe2 hitherto only known from powder measurements were redetermined by single crystal X-ray methods. Single crystals of FeAs2 (as large as 6 × 2 × 2 mm) were grown by CVD method with iodine in a temperature gradient of 800°C to 765°C, those of RuTe2 from a Te flux. The refinements of the structural parameters yielded a final R = 3.9% for 511 observed reflections (1 〉 2σI) of FeAs2 and R = 3.8% (3.7%) for 429 (410) reflections (I 〉 3σI) of RuTe2 (two experiments). For RuTe2, there are some intensities (even with I 〉 2σI) due to simultaneous diffraction.
    Notes: Die bisher nur aus Pulverdaten bekannten Strukturen der Verbindungen FeAs2 (Löllingit) und RuTe2 (Pyrit) wurden anhand von Einkristalldaten neu bestimmt. Die Darstellung der FeAs2-Einkristalle (Kantenlänge bis zu 6 mm) erfolgte durch Gasphasentransport mit Iod, die Einkristalle des RuTe2 wurden aus einer Tellurschmelze erhalten. Die Verfeinerung der Strukturparameter konvergierte beim FeAs2 für 511 beobachtete Reflexe (I 〉 2σI) bei R = 3.9% und beim RuTe2 für 429(410) beobachtete Reflexe (I 〉 3σI) bei 3,8% (3,7%) (zwei Kristalle). Einige Reflexe des RuTe2 mit I 〉 2σI sind auf Mehrfachreflexionen zurückzführen.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 571 (1989), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Single Crystals of the System Zn1-xIn2/3(1-x)Cr2-yInySe4The seleno-spinels with the chemical composition given in the title were prepared as monocrystalline samples by the method of vapor transport with CrCl3 as an agent and by chloride flux, too. The crystal structure and the mechanism of the transport connected with thermodynamic balance calculations is open for discussion.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen der oben genannten Sellenospinelle wurden durch Gasphasentransport mit CrCl3 als Einkristalle sowie in einer Chromchloridschmelze dargestellt. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse wurde durchgeführt. Über den Mechanismus des Transports in Verbindung mit thermodynamischen Berechnungen der Transportgleichgewichte wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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