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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An overall equation for the first ionization equilibrium of carbonic acid (1968)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 304 (1968), S. 20-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Equilibrium ; Activity of Bicarbonate Ion ; Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation ; Kohlensäure-Bicarbonat-Gleichgewicht ; Aktivität von Bicarbonat-Ion ; Henderson-Hasselbalch-Gleichung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This article deals with the equilibrium of carbonic acid in sodiumbicarbonate solutions and in the body fluids to be considered as such: cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma. The main problem is how to choose an equation for the 1 st ionization equilibrium of carbonic acid. The thermodynamic theory of equilibrium is given clearly distinguishing a true constant $$\bar K$$ (product of activities) and the practical coefficientsK (product of concentrations) andK' (product of activities and concentrations). By virtue of this theory it is shown that the 1st ionization equilibrium of carbonic acid in the solutions above-mentioned may best be described by the overall 1st ionization equation as related to the CO2 in the gas phase—the modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation—: $$pH = pK'_{lg} - \log P_{CO_2 } + \log {\text{ [HCO}}_{\text{3}} ^ - ].$$
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586715
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical manoeuvres that reduce postural hypotension in autonomic failure (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 3 (1993), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: Orthostatic tolerance ; Blood pressure ; Heart rate ; Venous pooling ; Central blood volume ; Autonomic circulatory function ; Standing up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Guest Lecture A Young female with autonomic failure is described. She successfully reduced the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension by application of physical manoeuvres like leg-crossing, bending forward and placing a foot on a chair. The beneficial effects of these manoeuvres can be explained by a small (10–15 mmHg) increase in mean arterial pressure to a level just sufficient to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow. The underlying common mechanism appears to be an increase of thoracic blood volume by translocation of blood from the vascular beds below the diaphragm to the chest. Instruction in these physical manoeuvres should be part of the management programme to reduce the disabilities arising from postural hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01819146
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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