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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 724-730 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Opiate-exposed infants ; Drug withdrawal ; Clinical and neurodevelopmental outcome ; Griffiths Developmental Scale ; Prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study the developmental effects of prenatal exposure to opiates, a prospective follow up study of 34 drug-exposed (opiates and nicotine) and 42 reference infants (nicotine exposure only) was conducted from January 1992 to September 1995. At the time of delivery, 12 of 34 mothers used opiates without medical control. Twenty-two mothers participated in a methadone maintenance programme. At 1 year, the average Griffiths Developmental Quotient (DQ) was lower in the drug-exposed group (mean: 100.5 vs. references 107.9; P 〈 0.001). This difference was mainly due to lower subscales “locomotor” (mean 100.8 vs. 111.4; P 〈 0.05) and “intellectual performance” (mean 100.8 vs. 108.5; P 〈 0.05) in the drug-exposed group. Severe developmental retardation mean DQ (−2 SD) was diagnosed in 2 drug-exposed infants. Mild developmental retardation (mean DQ: 1 SD– 〉 2 SD) was found in 7 drug-exposed and in 3 reference infants (P 〈 0.05). Neurological abnormalities were found more frequently in the drug-exposed group (11 vs. 3 infants; P 〈 0.01). Among the opiate-exposed infants, the subscales “hearing and speech” and “intellectual performance” were lower in the uncontrolled drug-using than in the methadone group. The 17 fostered infants showed no difference in developmental outcome compared with the 10 infants living with their biological parents (mean DQ: 100.0 versus 101.3). Conclusions At 1 year infants prenatally exposed to opiates are at risk for mild psychomotor developmental impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Blood substitutes ; Kidney tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei männlichen Wistarratten wurde eine durchschnittlich 50 %ige gleichvolumige Blutverdünnung mit den handelsüblichen kolloidhaltigen Infusionslösungen 10% Rheomacrodex in 0,9% NaCl, Haemaccel, Gelifundol oder Biseko vorgenommen. Die Versuchstiere wurden in verschiedenen Zeitabständen nach der Blutverdünnung getötet und die Nieren histologisch untersucht. Die Erweiterung der Tubuluslichtungen und Vacuolisation der Tubulusepithehen besonders der gewundenen Hauptstücke hatten sich 4 Tage nach der Behandlung zurückgebildet. Die Vacaolen werden mit dem enzymatischen Abbau der kolloidalen Makromoleküle erklärt, sind reversibel und daher nicht als osmotische Nephrose zu klassifizieren. Nach der Blutverdünnung mit der eiweißhaltigen Lösung Biseko waren die Nieren histologisch zu allen Versuchszeiten unauffällig, vermutlich deshalb, weil die Konzentration der relativ großen reabsorbierten Eiweißmoleküle für die Entstehung der Vacuolen zu gering ist. Nach den vorliegenden Befunden stellt der Blutvolumenersatz mit eiweißhaltigen Lösungen für die Niere offenbar die geringste Belastung dar. Die Frage, ob bereits bestehende Nierenschäden durch hochdosierte Dextran- oder Gelatinelösungen verschlimmert werden können, läßt sich noch nicht beantworten.
    Notes: Summary In male rats of the Wistar strain the blood volume amounting to 50% of the initial value has been replaced by equal volumes of the commercial blood substitutes as dextran 40 in 0,9% NaCl, Haemaccel, Gelifundol and Biseko respectively. The rats had been sacrificed at different time intervals following the replacement of blood and the kidneys histologically examined. The dilatation of the proximal convoluted tubules and the pronounced vacuolisation of the tubular cells had disappeared 4 days after treatment with dextran or gelatine solutions. The vacuoles, presumably due to an enzymic degradation of the colloidal macromolecules, are reversible and should, therefore, not be classified as osmotic nephrosis. However, after replacement of the blood by Biseko which contains human protein no histological changes of the kidneys have been observed at any time of the experimental period. The concentration of the reabsorbed relatively large size protein molecules is apparently too small as to bring about a noticeable appearance of vacuoles. The findings suggest that the kidney would seem to be least affected using protein solutions as blood substitutes. The question whether or not in cases of preexisting renal damage excessive doses of dextran or gelatine solutions might have additional deleterious effects on the kidney cannot be answered as yet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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