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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Skull ; Craniometry ; Anthropology ; 3-D image ; Helical CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To make a digital image database of human craniology, we optimized the three-dimensional (3-D) images of 29 dried human skull specimens by helical computed tomography (CT). For the verification of the quantitative exactitude of these image data, we manually measured nine items of direct distances between standard anthropologic points on each skull and the corresponding distances projected on the CT monitor by specifying the respective points. The results obtained by the two methods of manual and CT measurements were compared and statistically analyzed. The CT measurements were so exact that the lower limit of correlation coefficients (95% of the confidence interval) between the two results was more than 0.8 in six items; i.e., maximal cranial length and breadth, minimal frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, distance between ectomolares and nasion-basion length. In contrast, the CT results were less well correlated with the manual measurements of three items; i.e., distance between bilateral mastoidales, total facial height, and nasal breadth. We concluded that the qualitative representation of 3-D CT images was adequate, although some quantitative data may be incorrect. The inaccuracy is suspected to be due to the difficulty in specifying the standard points on the CT images, and due to the differences in measurement procedures between the direct and projected distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Skull ; Craniometry ; Anthropology ; 3-D image ; Helical CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Afin d'établir une banque informatisée de données en crâniologie humaine, nous avons recueilli les images tridimensionnelles, de 29 crânes secs, obtenues par scanner hélicoïdal. Pour vérifier les données obtenues, nous avons mesuré manuellement 9 longueurs situées entre les repères crâniologiques classiques sur chaque crâne et les distances correspondantes entre les points analogues sur la console du scanner. Les résultats obtenus par les 2 méthodes de mesure manuelle et par scanner sont comparés et analysés statistiquement. Les mesures scanner sont situées à la limite inférieure de corrélation entre les 2 résultats (95% d'intervalle de confiance) et supérieures à 0.8 dans 6 mesures : la longueur et la largeur maximales crâniennes, la largeur minimale frontale, la largeur bizygomatique, la distance entre les faces externes des molaires et la longueur nasion-basion. Par contre, les mesures scanner sont moins concordantes avec les résultats manuels dans 3 mesures : distance intermastoïdienne, hauteur faciale totale et largeur nasale. Nous en concluons que la représentation qualitative des images scanner est correcte, même si quelques données chiffrées sont imprécises. Les causes d'erreurs sont, semble t-il, dues à la difficulté de repérer les points crâniologiques précis sur les images scanner, ainsi qu'à la différence des techniques de mesure entre une donnée directe et une en projection.
    Notes: Summary To make a digital image database of human craniology, we optimized the three-dimensional (3-D) images of 29 dried human skull specimens by helical computed tomography (CT). For the verification of the quantitative exactitude of these image data, we manually measured nine items of direct distances between standard anthropologic points on each skull and the corresponding distances projected on the CT monitor by specifying the respective points. The results obtained by the two methods of manual and CT measurements were compared and statistically analyzed. The CT measurements were so exact that the lower limit of correlation coefficients (95% of the confidence interval) between the two results was more than 0.8 in six items; i.e., maximal cranial length and breadth, minimal frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, distance between ectomolares and nasion-basion length. In contrast, the CT results were less well correlated with the manual measurements of three items; i.e., distance between bilateral mastoidales, total facial height, and nasal breadth. We concluded that the qualitative representation of 3-D CT images was adequate, although some quantitative data may be incorrect. The inaccuracy is suspected to be due to the difficulty in specifying the standard points on the CT images, and due to the differences in measurement procedures between the direct and projected distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1997), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Laparoscopy ; Blunt abdominal trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study evaluates the safety and role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma in children. Laparoscopy was performed in five patients aged 3 to 13 years because of persistent abdominal pain after blunt trauma. A laparotomy was not indicated from the physical examination, laboratory data, or radiologic findings. With the patient under general anesthesia, a 10-mm trocar was inserted through the umbilical fossa and the intra-abdominal organs were observed for 10 – 60 min under an insufflation pressure of 10 – 12 mmHg. The patients remained hemodynamically stable without pneumothorax development. Three patients underwent laparatomies: one, who had blood in the omental sac, had a duodenal injury with hemorrhagic necrosis and underwent a resection; one with ascites and high amylase levels had an injury of the main pancreatic duct and underwent resection of the pancreatic tail; and one who had fresh blood in the upper abdomen and Douglas’ pouch had a splenic hemorrhage and underwent hemostasis. The other two had serous or serosanguinous ascites and recovered without surgery. In patient 1, the same amount of information might have been obtained from a barium study. In patient 2, the pancreatic transection might have been diagnosed from ascites shown on serial computed tomograms. Patient 3 might also have been treated successfully non-surgically. It hus appears that laparoscopy may be a safe diagnostic method for blunt abdominal trauma in children, however, this small series has yielded insufficient information to assess its usefulness in making the diagnosis and the decision for laparotomy. Further studies are required to ascertain whether it will make any significant difference in the form of management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1997), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Laparoscopy ; Blunt abdominal trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluates the safety and role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma in children. Laparoscopy was performed in five patients aged 3 to 13 years because of persistent abdominal pain after blunt trauma. A laparotomy was not indicated from the physical examination, laboratory data, or radiologic findings. With the patient under general anesthesia, a 10-mm trocar was inserted through the umbilical fossa and the intra-abdominal organs were observed for 10–60 min under an insufflation pressure of 10–12 mmHg. The patients remained hemodynamically stable without pneumothorax development. Three patients underwent laparatomies: one, who had blood in the omental sac, had a duodenal injury with hemorrhagic necrosis and underwent a resection; one with ascites and high amylase levels had an injury of the main pancreatic duct and underwent resection of the pancreatic tail; and one who had fresh blood in the upper abdomen and Douglas' pouch had a splenic hemorrhage and underwent hemostasis. The other two had serous or serosanguinous ascites and recovered without surgery. In patient 1, the same amount of information might have been obtained from a barium study. In patient 2, the pancreatic transection might have been diagnosed from ascites shown on serial computed tomograms. Patient 3 might also have been treated successfully non-surgically. It hus appears that laparoscopy may be a safe diagnostic method for blunt abdominal trauma in children, however, this small series has yielded insufficient information to assess its usefulness in making the diagnosis and the decision for laparotomy. Further studies are required to ascertain whether it will make any significant difference in the form of management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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