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  • Bombesin  (4)
  • Fluorescence histochemistry  (4)
  • Guinea pig  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathway-specific patterns of the co-existence of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin and dynorphin in neurons of the dorsal root ganglia of the guinea-pig (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 417-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Dynorphin ; Cholecystokinin ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Sensory neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The co-existence of immunoreactivities to substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and dynorphin (DYN) in neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of guinea-pigs has been investigated with a double-labelling immunofluorescence procedure. Four main populations of neurons could be identified that contained different combinations of these peptides and had distinctive peripheral projections: (1) Neurons that contained immunoreactivity to SP, CGRP, CCK and DYN were distributed mainly to the skin. (2) Neurons with immunoreactivity to SP, CGPR and CCK, but not DYN, were distributed mainly to the small blood vessels of skeletal muscles. (3) Neurons with immunoreactivity to SP, CGRP and DYN, but not CCK, were distributed mainly to pelvic viscera and airways. (4) Neurons containing immunoreactivity to SP and CGRP, but not CCK and DYN, were distributed mainly to the heart, systemic blood vessels, blood vessels of the abdominal viscera, airways and sympathetic ganglia. Other small populations of DRG neurons containing SP, CGRP or CCK alone also were detected. Perikarya containing these combinations of neuropeptides were not found in autonomic ganglia. The peripheral axons of neurons containing immunoreactivity to at least SP and CGRP were damaged by chronic treatment with capsaicin. However, some sensory neurons containing CCK alone were not affected morphologically by capsaicin. These results clearly show that individual DRG neurons can contain many different neuropeptides. Furthermore, the combination of neuropeptides found in any particular neuron is related to its peripheral projection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in surviving nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries following extrinsic denervation of the small intestine (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 647-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Vascular innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Small intestine ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropeptide content of nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries in the small intestine of guinea pigs was studied in whole-mount preparations using immunohistochemical methods. Tissues were obtained from normal animals or animals in which the small intestine had been extrinsically denervated. In normal animals, submucosal arteries are innervated by extrinsic sensory nerve fibers which contain both substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, and by sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers. In preparations obtained from animals 5–9 days after denervation, nerve fibers which contained substance P without detectable calcitonin gene-related peptide were associated with a few submucosal arteries. Nerve fibers which contained vasoactive intestinal peptide were also associated with some arteries. By 42–48 days after extrinsic denervation, substance P-containing fibers (without calcitonin gene-related peptide) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing fibers were associated with nearly every blood vessel. The extrinsic sympathetic nerve fibers did not regenerate during the course of this study. The nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries in denervated tissues were not sensitive to capsaicin treatment. The alteration in the innervation of submucosal arterioles that follows extrinsic denervation of the gut may reflect either an increase in the neuropeptide content of the fibers, synthesis of a new peptide, or an increase in the number of fibers as a result of axonal sprouting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219756
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adrenergic innervation of the cardio-vascular system of the lizard Trachysaurus rugosus (1970)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 108 (1970), S. 150-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardio-vascular innervation ; Reptilia ; Adrenergic nerves ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence histochemical method has been used to study the adrenergic innervation of the cardio-vascular system of the lizard, Trachysaurus rugosus. The cardiac muscle of the caval veins, sinus venosus, auricle and of the papillary muscle of the ventricle is heavily innervated. Some areas of the ventricles are uninnervated. The aortic arches and the elastic arteries are all adrenergically innervated. These arteries have nerve fibres in their mediae and innervated vasa vasorum at the medio-adventitial border. Adrenergic nerves usually do not penetrate the media of muscular arteries. The pattern of innervation of the peripheral arteries is similar to that of mammals, the principal exception being the pulmonary artery which is extremely densely innervated. All the major veins are innervated, but the innervation is generally far sparser than that of the arteries. Many of the small veins have little or no adrenergic innervation. The patterns of innervation seen in stretched, air dried preparations and in sections are described and possible functional implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335293
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adrenergic innervation of the vessels supplying and draining the gastrointestinal tract (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Vascular innervation ; Adrenergic nerves ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence histochemical method has been used to investigate the adrenergic innervation of the vessels of the gastrointestinal tract. Both stretch preparations and sections of blood vessels taken from cats, guinea-pigs, rabbits and rats were examined. A dense innervation of the major mesenteric arteries and their branches was found. Most of the nerve fibres are at the adventitio-medial border, but a few fibres penetrate the mediae of some large arteries. The innervation of the arterial branches in the gut wall is also dense, particularly in the submucosa. Generally, adrenergic nerves do not accompany capillaries. Arterio-venous shunts are apparently without any specialised adrenergic innervation. The veins of the gut wall are very sparsely supplied by adrenergic nerves but, except in the cat, as the veins increase in size towards the hepatic portal vein their density of innervation also increases. The hepatic portal vein is heavily innervated, most of the nerves being at the outer limit of the circular muscle. The innervation of the vessels of the gastrointestinal tract is correlated with their responses to the stimulation of sympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and distribution of intrinsic adrenergic neurones in the proximal colon of the guinea-pig (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 346-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Adrenergic nerves ; Enteric ganglia ; Sympathetic denervation ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence histochemical method has been used to examine the adrenergic innervation of the proximal colon of the guinea-pig. Previous investigations have shown that the adrenergic fibres of the gastrointestinal tract arise from extrinsic ganglia. However, in this work it is shown that adrenergic nerve cells are found in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon and that these cells provide varicose terminals about ganglion cells in the nodes of the plexus. About 75% of the nodes of the myenteric plexus in the proximal colon contain adrenergic cells. A few cells are also observed along the internodal strands. The cells have a cytoplasmic fluorescence, which is of different intensity in different cells, but there is no fluorescence of the nucleus. Processes can be traced from most cells and in some cases these are seen to become varicose. Interruption of extrinsic nerve pathways to the intestine causes a disappearance of the fluorescence reaction of the adrenergic terminals in the ileum, most of the distal colon and in the submucosal and perivascular plexuses of the proximal colon. In contrast, about 60% of the adrenergic terminals in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon survive extrinsic denervation. From cell counts, it is estimated there are about 10000 adrenergic cells in the proximal colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324897
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage, uptake and synthesis of catecholamines in the intrinsic adrenergic neurones in the proximal colon of the guinea-pig (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 364-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Adrenergic neurones ; Adrenergic mechanisms ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present work, the effects of drugs on the storage, uptake and synthesis of catecholamines in intrinsic and extrinsic adrenergic neurones of the guinea-pig intestine are compared, using the fluorescence histochemical technique for localising catecholamines. In respect to the properties examined in this work, the intrinsic adrenergic neurones of the proximal colon of the guinea-pig were found to be qualitatively similar to adrenergic neurones of the sympathetic chains: the intrinsic cells and their terminals are depleted by reserpine or guanethidine; they concentrate and retain catecholamines and this uptake is blocked by desmethylimipramine or phenoxybenzamine; after depletion by reserpine, the fluorescence can be restored by the dopamine and noradrenaline precursor, dopa and this restoration is prevented by blocking the decarboxylation of dopa to dopamine. However, there are clear quantitative differences: the terminals of intrinsic neurones are less susceptible than are extrinsic neurones to depletion by reserpine, guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine; the intrinsic neurones more readily retain noradrenaline after reserpinisation. It is suggested that quantitative differences between extrinsic and intrinsic neurones of the intestine could involve a difference in the activity of monoamine oxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324898
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of inputs to longitudinal muscle motor neurons and ascending interneurons in the guinea-pig small intestine (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 549-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Enteric nervous system ; Immunocytochemistry ; Calretinin ; Calbindin ; Bombesin ; Small intestine ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Light- and electron-microscopic studies were used to investigate connections between specific subgroups of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine. Inputs to two classes of calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) nerve cells, longitudinal muscle motor neurons and ascending interneurons, were examined. Inputs from calbindin-IR primary sensory neurons and from three classes of descending interneurons were studied. Electron-microscopic analysis showed that calbindin-IR axons formed two types of inputs, synapses and close contacts, on calretinin-IR neurons. About 40% of inputs to the longitudinal muscle motor neurons and 70% to ascending interneurons were calbindin-IR. Approximately 50% of longitudinal muscle motor neurons were surrounded by bombesin-IR dense pericellular baskets and 40% by closely apposed varicosities. At the electron-microscope level, the bombesin-IR varicosities were found to form synapses and close contacts with the motor neurons. Dense pericellular baskets with bombesin-IR surrounded 36% of all ascending interneurons, and a further 17% had closely apposed varicosities. Somatostatin- and 5-HT-IR descending interneurons provided no dense pericellular baskets to calretinin-IR nerve cells. Thus, calretinin-IR, longitudinal muscle motor neurons and ascending interneurons receive direct synaptic inputs from intrinsic primary sensory neurons and from non-cholinergic, bombesin-IR, descending interneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318359
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shapes of nerve cells in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine revealed by the intracellular injection of dye (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 561-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Neurons, types ; Myenteric plexus ; Intracellular dye injection (Lucifer yellow) ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The shapes of myenteric neurons in the guineapig small intestine were determined after injecting living neurons with the dye Lucifer yellow via a microelectrode. The cells were fixed and the distribution of Lucifer yellow rendered permanent by an immunohistochemical method. Each of 204 nerve cells was examined in whole-mount preparations of the myenteric plexus and drawn using a camera lucida at 1250 x magnification. Four cell shapes were distinguished: (1) neurons with several long processes corresponding to type II of Dogiel; (2) neurons with a single long process and lamellar dendrites corresponding to type I of Dogiel; (3) neurons with numerous filamentous dendrites; and (4) small neurons with few processes. About 15% of the neurons could not be placed into these classes or into any single class. The type II neurons (39% of the sample) had generally smooth somata and up to 7 (average 3.3) long processes, most of which ran circumferentially. Dogiel type I neurons (34% of sampled neurons) had characteristic lamellar dendrites, i.e., broad dendrites that were flattened in the plane of the plexus. The filamentous neurons (7% of the sample), had, on average, 14 fine processes up to about 50 μm in length. Small neurons with smooth outlines and a few fine processes made up 5% of the neurons encountered. We conclude that myenteric neurons that have been injected with dye can be separated into morphologically distinct classes and that the different morphological classes probably correspond to different functional groupings of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226506
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and projections of neurons with immunoreactivity for both gastrin-releasing peptide and bombesin in the guinea-pig small intestine (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Intestine ; Neuropeptides ; Gastrin releasing peptide ; Bombesin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bombesin-like and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivities were localized in nerves of the guinea-pig small intestine and celiac ganglion with the use of antibodies raised against the synthetic peptides. The anti-bombesin serum (preincubated to avoid cross reactivity with substance P) and the anti-GRP serum revealed the same population of neurons. Preincubation of the antibombesin serum with bombesin abolished the immunoreactivity in nerves while absorption of the anti-GRP serum with either bombesin or the 14–27 C-terminal of GRP only reduced the immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity was abolished by incubation with GRP 1–27. Immunoreactive nerves were found in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle, submucous plexus and in the celiac ganglion. Faintly reactive nerve cell bodies were found in the myenteric ganglia (3.2% of all neurons) but not in submucous ganglia. After all ascending and descending pathways in the myenteric plexus had been cut, reactive terminals disappeared in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle (including the deep muscular plexus) and the submucous plexus on the anal side. After the mesenteric nerves were cut no changes were observed in the intestinal wall but the reactive fibres in celiac ganglia disappeared. It is deduced that GRP/bombesin-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in myenteric ganglia project from the myenteric plexus to other myenteric ganglia situated further anally (average length 12 mm), anally to the circular muscle (average length 9 mm), anally to submucous ganglia (average length 13 mm) and external to the intestine to the celiac ganglia. It is concluded that the GRP/bombesin-reactive neurons in the intestinal wall represent a distinct population of enteric neurons likely to be involved in controlling motility and in the coordination of other intestinal functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217852
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between gastrin cells and bombesin-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the gastric antral mucosa of guinea-pig, rat, dog and man (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin ; Gastrin-releasing peptide ; Bombesin ; Stomach ; Autonomic innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig ; Rat ; Dog ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between bombesin-like immunoreactive (bombesin-LI) nerve fibres and gastrin-LI G-cells was examined in gastric antral mucosa from guineapig, rat, dog and man using a double-labelling fluorescence immunohistochemical technique. The greatest density of bombesin-LI nerve fibres was found within the basal mucosa in all species and the density of innervation decreased towards the luminal surface. Most G-cells were in a band occupying approximately the middle third of the mucosa. The proportion of G-cells found within a distance of 2 μm from bombesin-LI nerve fibres was low in all species (6% in the guinea-pig, 22% in the rat, 14% in the dog, and 9% in the human). It is proposed that the neuropeptide released from bombesin-LI antral mucosal nerve fibres traverses distances of greater than several μm to reach the target G-cells. This may be achieved by passage through the mucosal microcirculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221648
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