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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of the normal brain from early childhood to middle age (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 649-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain, growth and development ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 66 healthy volunteers aged 4 to 50 years by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the signal intensity was measured on T2-weighted images in numerous sites and correlated with age and sex. Using distilled water and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as references on each slice, we calculated the signal intensities of the brain structures. Calculated ratios between structures did not change with age, except for those of the globus pallidus and thalamus, in which the signal intensities decreased more rapidly. The signal intensities of other brain structures changed equally but this could not be discerned visually and quantitative measurements were required. The signal intensities in the white and deep grey matter decreased rapidly in the first decade and then gradually to reach a plateau after the age of 18 years. Maturation of the brain thus seems to continue until near the end of the second decade of life. No sex differences were found. Quantitative analysis requires intensity references. The CSF in the tips of the frontal horns seems to be as reliable as an external fluid reference for intensity, and can be used in routine examinations provided the frontal horns are large enough to avoid partial volume effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600432
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The normal brain stem from infancy to old age (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 364-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain stem ; Mesencephalon ; Pons ; Medulla oblongata ; Brain volume ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to develop a method of measuring the size of the brain stem by routine MRI and to determine brain stem dimensions in a normal population. We examined 174 subjects, aged 4 months to 86 years, with no known brain disease. Sagittal midline diameters of the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata were measured on sagittal T1-weighted images, coronal diameters from axial T2-weighted images. The adult midsagittal diameter of the mesencephalon was reached at the age of 6 years, and decreased slightly after 45–50 years. Pontine dimensions increased until the age of 20 years and did not subsequently decrease. The midsagittal and midcoronal diameters of the medulla oblongata stopped increasing at the ages of 6 and 8 years, respectively. Minimal reduction in the midsagittal diameter occurs after 50 years. Normal ranges for each dimension were recorded. Knowledge of the normal variation in size of the brain stem can be helpful in the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. The method described is rapid and needs no additional hard-or osoftware. An additonal finding was an increase in large vermian sulci in subjects over 50 years of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612119
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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