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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 258 (1967), S. 128-149 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; N- and α-methylation ; adrenergic receptors ; β-receptors of heart and vessels ; Brenzcatechinamine ; N- und α-Methylierung ; Adrenergische Receptoren ; β-Receptoren der Gefäße und des Herzens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. N-methylation of dopamine yielding epinine means potentiation of the α-adrenergic pressor action in the cat. It is only N-methylation which renders dopamine to a direct acting β-sympathomimetic amine: the positive inotropic effect of epinine on the isolated electrically driven guinea pig auricle remained uninfluenced by pretreatment of the animals with reserpine, whereas the dose-response curve of dopamine was shifted to the right. The blood pressure lowering effect of epinine after phenoxybenzamine was—in contrast to that of dopamine—abolished by pronethalol.—N-methylation of noradrenaline doubled the affinity for the β-receptors of the heart. 2. Also by α-methylation dopamine gains affinity to the adrenergic β-receptors (heart and vessels): d-α-methyldopamine, an exclusively directly acting catecholamine, had a 40 times stronger inotropic action than dopamine on reserpinized auricles; the action of l-α-methyldopamine, a mainly indirectly acting amine, was only 4 times stronger than dopamine. α-methylnoradrenaline, although having the same inotropic activity as noradrenaline, had a 10 times stronger depressor action than noradrenaline in the cat pretreated with phenoxybenzamine. By α-methylation, the α-adrenergic pressor effect of dopamine as well as that of noradrenaline was enhanced only in the range of lower doses since the dose-response curves of the α-methylated compounds were generally less steep than those of the non-methylated catecholamines, indicating a lower “intrinsic activity” of the α-methylated derivatives. 3. The N- and α-methylated catecholamines α-methylepinine and α-methyladrenaline resp. were blood pressure lowering agents per se, because both methylgroups additively enhanced the affinity to the vascular β-receptors. α-methylepinine was the most potent β-sympathomimetic on the heart in the “dopamine series” (dopamine 〈 d-α-methyldopamine ≈ epinine 〈 dl-α-methylepinine). However, in the “noradrenaline series” the twofold methylated compound α-methyladrenaline had the lowest positive inotropic action (d(−)-adrenaline 〉 d(−)-noradrenaline ≈ (−)erythro-α-methylnoradrenaline 〉 (−) erythro-α-methyladrenaline). 4. From the results the following conclusions are drawn: The N- as well as the α-methyl-group exerts and “+I-effect” on the ammonium group. Thereby, protonation will be increased which leads to an enhanced affinity of the resp. catecholamine to the adrenergic α- and β-receptor. Since the α-CH3 group—dependant upon its steric configuration—also causes a steric hindrance at the receptor site, the increase in affinity due to the +I-effect is partially neutralized. By that the lower intrinsic affinity of the α-methylated compounds as indicated by the different slope of their pressor dose-response curves, is also readily explained. Furtheron it is intelligible why α-methylation enhanced the β-adrenergic activity in the less potent “dopamine series” (preponderance of the “+I-effect”), whereas it lowered the affinity to the cardiac β-receptors in the “noradrenaline series” (preponderance of the steric hindrance). 5. Although α-methyladrenaline was the least potent β-sympathomimetic of the “noradrenaline series” in the guinea pig heart, it was the most potent compound in lowering the cat's blood pressure. Therefore, it seems to be questionable whether the cardiac and the vascular β-receptors and/or the mechanisms by which they induce the pharmacodynamic actions are identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Vas deferens preparation ; α-Methyldopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Competitive inhibition ; Potentiation ; Vas deferens-Präparat ; α-Methyldopamin ; Noradrenalin ; Kompetitive Hemmung ; Potenzierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. An dem überwiegend mit adrenergischen α-Receptoren ausgestatteten Hypogastricus-Vas deferens-Präparat des Meerschweinchens waren die durch Noradrenalin oder elektrische Reizung des N. hypogastricus ausgelösten Kontraktionen in Gegenwart von 2,4 · 10−5 M α-Methyldopamin, p-Hydroxy-ephedrin (Suprifen®) und Pholedrin (Veritol®) mehr als zwanzigfach verstärkt: Die Konzentrations-Wirkungskurven wurden parallel nach links verschoben bei unveränderter „intrinsic activity“ des Noradrenalins. Die vermutlich auf einer Hemmung des Aufnahmemechanismus für Noradrenalin in die Gewebespeicher beruhende Verstärkerwirkung der α-methylierten Amine übertraf diejenige des Cocains und ließ sich durch das α-Sympathicolyticum Phentolamin (Regitin®) kompetitiv abschwächen. β-Sympathicolytica verursachten eine nicht kompetitive, unspezifisch-spasmolytische Depression. 2. An maximal cocainisierten Präparaten wurden die Noradrenalineffekte durch p-Hydroxy-ephedrin und — wirksamer — durch Pholedrin abgeschwächt. α-Methyldopamin wirkte in dem anwendbaren Konzentrationsbereich nicht abschwächend. 3. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt, daß die Beeinflussung der Noradrenalinwirkung durch die α-methylierten Amine die Resultante aus zwei sich synergistisch oder antagonistisch auswirkenden Einzeleffekten darstellt, von denen der eine an der „uptake site”, der andere an den adrenergischen α-Receptoren seinen Angriffspunkt hat, scheint α-Methyldopamin am Vas deferens ein „partieller Agonist“, Suprifen ein „partieller Antagonist“ und Pholedrin ein „kompetitiver Antagonist“ des Noradrenalins zu sein.
    Notes: Summary 1. Contractions of the guinea-pig hypogastric-vas deferens preparation elicited by noradrenaline and electrical nerve stimulation resp. were potentiated more than twentyfold in the presence of 2.4×10−5 M α-methyldopamine, p-hydroxyephedrine (Suprifen®) and pholedine (Veritol®): The concentration-response curves were shifted to the left whereby the “intrinsic activity” of noradrenaline remained unchanged. The potentiating effect of the α-methylated amines—presumably caused by inhibition of the uptake of noradrenaline into the tissue stores—was stronger than that of cocaine. The α-sympatholytic agent phentolamine weakened competitively the action of noradrenaline whereas β-sympatholytics produced a non competitive, unspecific-spasmolytic depression of noradrenaline effects. 2. In preparations pretreated with cocaine the action of noradrenaline was reduced by p-hydroxyephedrine and—stronger—by pholedrine. α-methyl-dopamine in the range of applied concentrations was without any influence. 3. Thus, the modification of the action of noradrenaline as produced by the α-methylated amines respresents the result of two different effects — leading to synergism or antagonism—, one of which is localized at the “uptake site,” the other one at the adrenergic α-receptors. From this α-methyldopamine seems to be a “partial agonist,” p-hydroxyephedrine a “partial antagonist” and pholedrine a “competitive antagonist” of noradrenaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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