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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Bryonia ; Jasmonate analysis ; (ELISA, monoclonal antibody) ; Jasmonic acid (woundinduced) ; Methyljasmonate (tritium labeled) ; Wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A monoclonal antibody (MAB JAH1-8-B4) for the analysis of 3R, 7R-jasmonic acid and its methyl ester is described. An IgG1(kappa) immunoglobulin, MAB JAH1-8-B4, was used to set up a competitive enzymelinked immunoassay employing 3R, 7R-jasmonate coupled to alkaline phosphatase as tracer. The assay has a linearity range (logit/log) between 50 fmol and 50 pmol (approx. 10 pg-10 ng) of 3R, 7R-methyljasmonate, the assay standard. A procedure combining prepurification of plant extracts by solid-phase extraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitation has been worked out, which uses 4 g of fresh plant material and has a detection limit between 0.2 and 0.4 μg of 3R, 7R-jasmonic acid (determined as its methyl ester) per kg of tissue, depending on the tissue. Internal standards of 3R, 7R-methyljasmonate, added to split samples during extraction as well as a second internal standard, 3R, 7R-methyljasmonate-[O-C3H3], added to all samples prior to methylation, served to correct for workup losses and for the monitoring of Chromatographie separations. Using this assay, it was found that levels of jasmonic acid rise immediately and transiently in the tissues analyzed as a consequence of wounding. These data provide further and direct evidence for the hypothesis that wound-induction of the plant defense reactions is mediated by endogenous jasmonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter (S)-Ketamin ; Ketamin-Razemat ; Neuropsychologische Teste ; Aufwachphase ; Antagonisten ; Physostigmin ; Key words (S)-ketamine ; Racemic ketamine ; Neuropsychological testing ; Recovery ; Antagonists: physostigmine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The anaesthetic potency of the (S)-ketamine isomer is approximately double that of racemic ketamine. The aim of this study was to compare the recovery of cerebral function after a bolus of 1,3 mg/kg racemic ketamine or 0.65 mg/kg (S)-ketamine followed by continuous application of 4 or 2 mg/kg×h over 15 minutes. Methods: With their informed consent and approval of the local ethics committee 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled in a double-blind, cross-over study. All drugs were dissolved in identical volumes. On three dates with an interval of one week at least ketamine/NaCl, (S)-ketamine/physostigmine or (S)-ketamine/NaCl was administered (table 1). The sequence was randomized. In addition, the unspecific antagonistic potential of the centrally acting, cholinergic agonist physostigmine (0.012 mg/kg) after (S)-ketamine was tested against saline-placebo. Neuropsychological tests (tests 3–5 of the syndrome-short-test [Erzigkeit, see references]) were used to quantify cerebral function before and at 45, 75, 105, 135, 165 and 195 min after anaesthesia. All data are mean values and standard deviation. Comparisons over time and between drugs were carried out using two-dimensional analysis of variance (ANOVA). Wilcoxon-tests were used post-hoc. p〈0.05 was considered signifi- cant. Results: After (S)-ketamine the subjects were able to carry out the tasks more rapidly than after racemic ketamine (p〈0.05). Mean time to reach preoperative test performance +10% was 117.5 min for (S)-ketamine/physostigmine, 121.3 min for (S)-ketamine/NaCl and 141.6 min for racemic ketamine (p〈0.05 between (S)-ketamine and racemic ketamine). No differences were found between physostigmine and placebo. The incidence of side effects (mainly nausea, vomiting) was not different. Discussion: (S)-ketamine offers a shorter recovery time after short anaesthesia compared to racemic ketamine. The investigated dose of physostigmine was probably too low to produce antagonism of (S)-ketamine. An increased dosage of physostigmine has yet to be studied, but is likely to cause a higher rate of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, bradycardia and possibly even tonic-clonic seizures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer doppelblinden, randomisierten, cross-over Studie wurde bei 12 gesunden Probanden eine Narkose entweder mit (S)-Ketamin oder Ketamin-Razemat in äquipotenten Dosen durchgeführt. Nach einem Bolus von 0,65 mg/kg (S)-Ketamin oder 1,3 mg/kg Ketamin-Razemat wurde für 15 min 2 mg/kg×h (S)-Ketamin oder 4 mg/kg×h Ketamin kontinuierlich verabreicht. Das zentral wirksame indirekte Parasympathomimetikum Physostigmin wurde in früheren Arbeiten als unspezifischer Antagonist nach Ketamin-Razemat empfohlen. Daher wurde nach (S)-Ketamin der antagonistische Effekt von 0,012 mg/kg Physostigmin gegen Plazebo (NaCl) untersucht. Um die Aufwachzeit quantitativ zu erfassen, wurden vor und 45, 75, 105, 135, 165 und 195 min nach der Narkose die Subteste 3–5 aus dem Syndrom-Kurztest (SKT) und visuelle Analogskalen zur Befindlichkeit durchgeführt. Daneben wurde das Bewußtsein von den Untersuchern eingeschätzt. Die Aufwachzeit nach (S)-Ketamin war kürzer als nach Ketamin-Razemat (Summe der SKT-Subteste 3–5 und Bewußtseinsfremdbeurteilung, p〈0,05). Hinsichtlich Trauminzidenz oder -inhalten, unerwünschten Ereignissen, Einfluß auf die Hämodynamik oder subjektiver Akzeptanz der Narkose fanden sich keine Unterschiede zwischen (S)-Ketamin und Ketamin-Razemat. Mit der untersuchten, niedrigen Dosis Physostigmin kann (S)-Ketamin nicht antagonisiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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