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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: gas phase ; methane partial oxidation ; vanadia/silica-silicon ; C1 oxygenates ; C2+ hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A very low surface area silica-silicon substrate has been used as a support for vanadium oxide and has been tested in the partial oxidation of methane. Use of a reactor with variable dead volume ahead of the bed of the catalyst allows determining the relevance of gas phase reactions in initiating methane conversion. Experimental evidence supports that at atmospheric pressure C1 oxygenates are essentially produced on the catalyst surface rather than in the gas phase. Comparison with a high surface area silica-supported vanadium oxide catalyst clearly highlights the double role of surface area in promoting catalytic activity, but also in promoting non-selective further oxidation of reaction products. It is shown that a reaction system combining dead volume upstream the bed of the catalyst and a very low surface area is very promising to activate methane conversion to C1 oxygenates and C2+ hydrocarbons at remarkable TOF number preventing further non-selective oxidation. In addition, production of C2+ hydrocarbons is observed at temperatures as low as 750 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 10 (1990), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Etodolac ; NSAIDs ; Pain ; Analgesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous clinical trials have shown etodolac to be an effective analgesic. The purpose of the present report is to review results of 14 studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of etodolac in a variety of painful conditions. Presented are the results of four postsurgical pain studies, one study of acute gouty arthritis and nine studies of acute musculoskeletal disorders: acute low back pain, acute painful shoulder, tendinitis and bursitis, and acute sports injuries. A single oral dose of etodolac (25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg) was compared with aspirin (650 mg) or a combination of acetaminophen (600 mg) plus codeine (60 mg) for the relief of pain up to 12 h following oral, urogenital or orthopedic surgery. In multiple dose studies of acute gouty arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions, etodolac 200 or 300 mg twice a day (b.i.d.) or 200 mg three times a day (t.i.d.) was compared with naproxen 500 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d., diclofenac 50 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d., and piroxicam 20 or 40 mg once a day (o.d.) administered over 5 to 14 days. The efficacy of etodolac was at least equal and in some ways superior to aspirin and acetaminophen plus codeine in the relief of postsurgical pain. In studies of acute gouty arthritis, significant improvement from baseline were seen for all efficacy parameters evaluated for both the etodolac- and naproxen-treated patients. All the present studies of musculoskeletal conditions have shown etodolac to be effective and comparable in analgesic efficacy to naproxen, diclofenac or piroxicam. In summary, etodolac therapy for pain following surgery, in acute gouty arthritis and in acute musculoskeletal conditions resulted in analgesia comparable to that provided by several well-established analgesic or anti-inflammatory agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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