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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of human amnion and amniotic plaques of normal pregnancy (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amnion ; Human amniotic plaques ; Fetal membranes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of amniotic and amniotic-plaque epithelia has been studied from normal term pregnancies. The columnar/cuboidal amniotic epithelial cells usually have apical or central nuclei, some free ribosomes, patches of granular endoplasmic reticulum, juxtanuclear Golgi complexes, rod-shaped mitochondria, lipid droplets and some glycogen granules. They have short, blunt microvilli which frequently branch and bathe in the amniotic fluid. The lateral plasma membranes enclose tortuous intercellular spaces which are always interrupted by variously folded processes and desmosomes. The epithelial cells rest on a basal lamina and exhibit highly folded basal processes. The amniotic epithelial cells are neither distinctly Golgi and fibrillar types nor “light” and “dark” in appearance. Amnion from near the umbilical cord contains many microscopic and several large plaques. Similar structures are not found on the reflected amnion. The microscopic plaques are whitish and translucent, whereas the large ones are opaque. The large plaques vary between 1–3 mm in diameter, and are over 15 cell layers thick. Each large plaque has a main central region and edges continuous with either the microscopic plaque or the simple amniotic epithelium. The main region shows four zones, namely, stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. Such zones are not distinct at the edges. The fine structure of basal cells compares with the amniotic epithelial cells, but the cells of spinosum and granulosum layers possess variable amounts of tonofibrils, keratohyalin granules, free ribosomes and other cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions. The corneum cells are keratinized and are frequently separated by intercellular spaces. They slough into the amniotic cavity singly or as a sheet, and contribute towards the composition of the amniotic fluid. The plaques are of amniotic origin, and are not formed by adhesion of either squamous cells or fetal skin cells (masses of keratinized squames). The present observations suggest that the occurrence of amniotic plaques is normal. The presence of plaques may not be necessarily associated with fetal abnormality. However, increase in numbers of plaques may be caused by conditions of fluid imbalance. The homology and significance of plaques in eutherian mammals have been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in granulosa lutein cells and progesterone levels during preimplantation, implantation, and early placentation in the western spotted skunk (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 179-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Granulosa lutein cells ; Western spotted skunk ; Ultrastructure ; Progesterone levels ; Implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of corpora lutea obtained during the preimplantation, implantation and early postimplantation periods has been studied in 20 western spotted skunks. Fine structure of granulosa lutein cells was correlated with progesterone levels. The corpus luteum of the prolonged (7 month) preimplantation period contained undifferentiated small granulosa cells and differentiated large granulosa lutein cells. The former ranged in size between 12 and 20 μ and the latter between 20 and 45 μ. The ratio of small and large cells was about equal in an animal 2 days prior to nidation whereas only few small cells and numerous large cells were observed in an animal estimated to be 8 to 12 hours from nidation. Occasionally small cells were observed amidst large ones during the 24 hour nidation period, i.e. adhesion of trophoblast with the luminal uterine epithelium, but small cells were absent in animals after this period. Small cells had some smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, rod-shaped mitochondria with platelike cristae, small Golgi complex, and relatively smooth plasma membranes. Large lutein cells had abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, membranous whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, usually round mitochondria with tubular and lamellar cristae, a well developed Golgi complex, variable amounts of lipid droplets, and highly plicated and ruffled plasma membranes. Peripheral plasma progesterone levels during the prolonged preimplantation period ranged between 1.1 and 7.9 ng/ml, but during implantation it was between 8 and 16.6 ng/ml. It is suggested that plasma progesterone levels fluctuate during the time of implantation and should not be regarded as a basis to predict actual nidation in the western spotted skunk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218972
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the corpus Luteum of the raccoon during pregnancy (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpora lutea ; Granulosa lutein cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructure of the granulosa lutein cells of the raccoon from throughout pregnancy has been described. The lutein cells often from epithelial cords which are separated by the connective tissues, capillaries and lymphatics. Based on the arrangements and modifications of the cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions, three types of lutein cells have been recognized. The type I lutein cells predominantly contain tubular, agranular endoplasmic reticulum, juxtanuclear Golgi complexes, a few round to rod-shaped mitochondria, some free ribosomes, and occasional lipid droplets. Occasionally the tubular cristae of mitochondria and tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum appear contiguous. The type II cells contain abundant lace-like and/or stacked fenestrated endoplasmic reticulum cisternae that frequently form membranous whorls, some tubular, agranular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. Mitochondria are usually small, but unusual large ones also occur. The small, rod-to round-shaped mitochondria usually have tubular cristae; but the large, oval, elongate, and cup shaped mitochondria possess tubular, lamellar, plate like, and whorl-like cristae. The plasma membranes of the cells are complexly elaborated and folded, especially when apposing each other. In favorable sections, strands of fenestrated cisternae appose the folds of the plasma membranes. In general, the amount of cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions vary greatly in the cells. The type III cells predominantly contain lipid droplets and sparse cytoplasmic organelles. The type I and II cells are found throughout pregnancy, but the type III cells are observed from mid gestation to term. The cytological features of type I and II cells suggest that they probably secrete most of the steroids, whereas the type III cells primarily store lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331099
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the corpus luteum of antarctic seals during pregnancy (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpora lutea ; Granulosa lutein cells ; Crabeater seal ; Leopard seal ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of granulosa lutein cells from three crabeater seals, Lobodon carcinophagus, and two leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx, has been studied from early through mid-pregnancy. Analysis of the arrangement and modifications of the cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions has revealed three types of lutein cells throughout the corpus. Type I cell typically possesses a central nucleus and cytoplasm containing very large amounts of smooth and/or fenestrated endoplasmic cisternae which frequently extend from the juxta-nuclear to the periphery of the cell. Type II cell contains a central or eccentric nucleus, moderate amounts of peripheral, smooth and fenestrated cisternae which often form large and concentric membranous whorls, numerous mitochondria and small lipid droplets. Frequently these cells show polarity in the arrangement of the cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions. Type III cell contains predominant large lipid droplets, many mitochondria, and small amounts of smooth and fenestrated cisternae. In light microscopy the type I cell is evenly granular, while the type III cell is highly vacuolated. Type II cells have both granular and vacuolated conditions. Ultrastructural features of type I and II cells suggest that they probably secrete most of the steroids, whereas the primary role of the type III cells appear to be lipid storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307064
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of seminiferous tubules in antarctic seals (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminiferous tubules ; Sertoli cells ; Spermatogenic cells ; Antarctic seals ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of seminiferous tubules from 5 crabeater, 2 leopard and 2 Ross seals showed that during the nonbreeding season the tubules were essentially similar in possessing spermatogenic and Sertoli cells. However, the tubules of leopard and Ross seals had more primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids than the crabeater seals. In general, the tubules were devoid of spermatozoa. The spermatids showed stages of maturation such as Golgi phase of acrosome formation, acrosomal cap formation and condensation of nuclei. Some spermatids degenerated in tubules. Both maturing and degenerating spermatids were closely associated with Sertoli cells. Junctional complexes with plaques of filaments were observed between Sertoli cells and the spermatogenic cells. Sertoli cells, irregular and polygonal, contained highly convoluted nuclei, strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, small mitochondria, variable amounts of lipid droplets, lysosomes, lipofuscin granules and highly plicated plasma membranes. In brief, the spermatogenic activity had practically ceased in the testes and the animals probably secreted low levels of testosterone during the nonbreeding season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219046
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA synthesis associated with a DNA-nuclear-membrane complex from rat liver (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: DNA synthesis ; DNA ; Nuclear membrane complex ; M-band Nucleopores ; Rat Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural analysis of M-band from nuclei of rat liver showed small amounts of chromatin, fragments of inner nuclear membrane, some amorphous nuclear material, and nucleopores. The outer nuclear membrane with its associated ribosomes was removed by Sarkosyl during the preparation of the M-band sample. Morphological features of nucleopores and the inner nuclear membrane were confirmed by freeze-fracture technique. The gross chemical composition of the M-band was similar to that of nuclear membrane fractions prepared by other techniques. The M-band contained the greatest proportion of newly-labeled DNA and also supported DNA synthesis in vitro. Electron-microscopic autoradiography of the M-band showed localization of silver grains of thymidine-3H presumably over newly synthesized DNA. The DNA synthesis could not be attributed to spurious attachment of DNA polymerase to M-band during its isolation. It was partially removed from the M-band by treatment with 0.5 M KC1, phospholipase A or C; and completely, by the action of pancreatic DNase. DNA synthesis was greater in M-band fractions isolated from nuclei of 24-hour regenerating liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226619
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-fracture, ultrastructural and autoradiographic analysis of the ventral prostate glands in castrated mice (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 547-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Castrated mice ; Prostate glands ; Biphasic prostatic involution ; Leucocyte infiltration ; Cell loss by sloughing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructure of the ventral prostate glands was studied in mice castrated for 1 through 60 days and for 11 and 17 months and in age-matched normals. We have described freeze-fracture and ultrastructural characteristics of acinar epithelial cells in addition to the patterns of thymidine incorporation in the cells of castrates and normal animals. Our study has shown a biphasic pattern of prostatic involution in the long-term castrated mice. In castrates the initial atrophy of prostate glands occurred by sloughing of the apical portions of columnar cells, autophagia of the cytoplasmic organelles as well as by occasional sloughing of the individual cells into the acinar lumen. Concurrent with the initial atrophy, the glands and stroma were infiltrated by neutrophils and lymphocytes. The cell loss by sloughing and leucocyte infiltration of glands became infrequent in 7- to 21-day castrates. However, the cell loss by sloughing increased secondarily in mice castrated for 21 to 37 days along with the increased leucocyte infiltration of the glands. The cell loss became minimal in castrates of 60 days and beyond. Our evidence suggests that the cell loss by sloughing was an active process in the involution of prostate glands which also showed differential sensitivity to castration stimuli in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233531
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsin D in rat ventral prostate: Evidence for castration-induced expression of cathepsin D in basal cells (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 229 (1991), S. 321-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cathepsin D (EC3.4.23.5) is an aspartyl endopeptidase involved in lysosomal proteolysis. Its functional role is uncertain. This study was undertaken to determine the cellular and subcellular distribution of cathepsin D in the normal rat ventral prostate and its possible role in the castration-induced atrophy of the gland. Cathepsin D was localized immunohistochemically to perinuclear lysosomes in secretory cells, in capillary endothelial cells, and, occasionally, in stromal cells of the untreated animal. Castration resulted in an increased number of cathepsin D-positive cells in the stroma within 24 hr. By 48 hr after castration autophagolysosomes formed in secretory cells and apoptotic bodies appeared in the epithelium. Although apoptotic bodies generally contained immunoreactive cathepsin D, a subpopulation of larger apoptotic bodies, which commonly rested on the basement membrane and contained multiple inclusions, were more variable in cathepsin D expression. The induction of cathepsin D in dendritic cells basally oriented in the epithelium was noted at 4 days of castration. These cells had a phagocytic phenotype, were distributed periodically along the basement membrane, and were not found in ductal epithelia. Treatment with actinomycin D or hydrocortisone to reduce the rate of regression of the ventral prostate blocked the appearance of these cathepsin D-positive, basally oriented epithelial cells. Our data indicate that this cathepsin D-positive, phagocytic cell differentiates from a cell resident in the prostatic epithelium. We suggest that it differentiates from basal cells in the secretory tubuloalveolar portion of the gland and that it is involved in the destruction of regressed secretory cells.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092290306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of a biotinylated cathepsin B oligonucleotide probe in human prostate including invasive cells and invasive edges by in situ hybridization (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Normal prostate ; Benign prostatic hyperplasia ; Neoplastic human prostate ; Cathepsin B ; CB oligonucleotide probe ; In situ hybridization ; Invasive edges ; Invasive cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cysteine endopeptidase cathepsin B (CB) can degrade basement membrane (BM) proteins (such as laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin) at both acid and neutral pHs suggesting that CB has a role in tumor invasion and distant metastasis. The distribution and intensity of CB protein localization vary in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and neoplastic prostate. These considerations have led us to examine whether the distribution of CB localization in malignant and normal cells is due to storage or active synthesis of CB. In the present study, we examined the localization patterns of CB at the mRNA level in normal prostate, BPH, and well to moderately differentiated neoplastic prostate, focusing on invasive groups of cells and invasive edges of malignant tumors. We used a 25-base biotinylated oligonucleotide CB cDNA “sense” probe to localize CB message in prostate samples obtained from radical prostatectomies. We have determined that CB is actively synthesized by the epithelia of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate including some invasive cells in the invasive edges. In both normal and BPH, CB mRNA was localized predominantly in acinar basal cells with some localization in cuboidal/columnar cells. In contrast, in neoplastic prostate, CB mRNA was localized predominantly in columnar cells and in groups of invasive cells and invasive edges. Thus, in malignant prostate the predominant cell types expressing CB differed from those of the normal prostate and BPH. Analysis of CB mRNA localizations indicated a heterogeneity in staining distribution in prostate cancer with some invasive groups of cells and invasive edges exhibiting CB mRNA and others exhibiting little or no reaction products. Using CB as a marker, we have been able to define invasive edges and invasive cells which may be actively involved in tumor progression. The potential ability to distinguish between malignant and nonmalignant foci and edges via localization of CB within the prostatic extracellular matrix may improve diagnosis and treatment of some higher grade tumor patients. This is especially important since histologic differentiation patterns of moderately to poorly differentiated human prostatic adenocarcinoma often do not differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant foci and edges in predicting aggressive behavior and course of the disease in patients. This is the first localization of cathepsin B mRNA in human prostate and its tumors. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ovary of the sea otterThis research was supported through graduate and research assistantships, Department of Zoology, University of Missouri, and in part by USPHS grant Am-CA-11376-07. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 795-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ovarian histology of 140 sea otters (4 juvenile and 136 sexually mature) is described. Multilayered germinal epithelium occurs in thickened areas on the ovarian surface and in fissures which are simple or complexly branched. Occasionally an epithelial tube extends from the fissure into the cortex. Typically a single Graafian follicle reaches the prevulatory stage while others become atretic. Interstitial gland cells of theca interna origin are abundant and apparently secretory during estrus. The corpus luteum of preimplantation pregnancy has a medium to large antrum which is obliterated by the time the blastocyst implants. During delayed implantation, the luteal cells progressively hypertrophy and by the time of implantation they are polygonal with a uniformly granular, nonvacuolated cytoplasm. Following implantation, many small secondary cavities or spaces are observed in the corpus. Subsequently, they coalesce to form larger ones. These cavities are strikingly well developed during mid gestation. After parturition, the corpus luteum degenerates rapidly. A corpus albicans persists for at least two years before blending with the stroma.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600414
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