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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-dose BEAM chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor-cell transplantation for unselected patients with primary refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's disease (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 665-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: autologous peripheral blood progenitor-cell transplantation ; CD34+ cells ; high-dose chemotherapy ; Hodgkin's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The use of autologous peripheral blood progenitorcells (PBPC) expedites hematologic recovery and reduces the costs oftransplantation in comparison with autologous bone marrow; however, itsefficacy in patients with Hodgkin's disease has been questioned. We evaluatedthe results of autologous PBPC transplantation in a population of unselectedand uniformly treated patients with primary refractory or relapsed Hodgkin'sdisease. Patients and methods:Forty consecutive adult patients withprimary refractory (n = 7) or relapsed (n = 33) Hodgkin'sdisease received high-dose BEAM (BCNU, etoposide, ara-C, and melphalan)followed by autologous PBPC infusion. Twenty-four patients (60%)received high-dose BEAM as outpatients. Consolidative radiation therapy wasadministered to 14 patients (35%). Results:Thirty-seven patients (92%) achieved a posttransplant complete response. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was69%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 77%, with a medianfollow-up of surviving patients of 28 months. Severe non-hematologictoxicities included gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea 17%,mucositis 25%), and interstitial pneumonitis (15%). One patientdied of acute transplant-related complications (mortality rate 2.5%).Strong predictors of poor PFS were chemoresistant versuschemosensitive/untested disease (actuarial PFS 89% versus22%, P = 0.0000) and stage IIB–IV versusI–IIA at relapse/progression (86% versus46%, P = 0.005). All five patients with elevated lactatedehydrogenase at the time of transplantation died of their disease. There wasa trend toward worse PFS for patients receiving a higher number of CD34+ cells(≥11 × 106 per kg). Conclusions:High-dose BEAM chemotherapy with autologous PBPCtransplantation is associated with low mortality and results in satisfactoryPFS for patients with primary refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Thesubset of patients with progressive disease at the time of transplantationperforms poorly and may benefit from alternative strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008396525292
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time estimation of dynamic particle-size distributions in a fluidized bed: Theoretical foundation (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1202-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Significant noise (random error) is common in an on-line signal when measuring the particle size distribution in a fluidized bed. The application of optimal estimation theory to obtain a filtering algorithm that can rectify such measurements is detailed. Off-line simulation studies demonstrate that the filtering algorithm yields a measure of particle size distribution that is well-behaved, accurate, and able to track in real time as conditions change in the bed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310718
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of linear distributed-parameter filters to lumped approximants (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 186-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimal distributed-parameter filters are commonly implemented using approximating lumped Kalman filtering theory. The effect of such an approximation is investigated. A theoretical development shows that there is a loss in the spatial noise correlation for the lumped approximants. Two numerical examples of engineering significance illustrate that one result of this loss is slower filter convergence for the lumped approximants relative to the full distributed-parameter filters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal, real-time monitoring of particle size distribution in a fluidized bed (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel method for tracking particle size distribution dynamics in a fluidized bed yields on-line, real-time measurements of particle size distribution that are representative of actual conditions. These measurements are somewhat corrupted with noise (random error), however, and are available to the computer only at discrete time intervals. An optimal filtering algorithm combines the measurements with predictions from an idealized dynamic model to yield particle size distribution estimates that are not only on-line and real-time, but also virtually continuous and well-behaved.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalyzed hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate melts (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 985-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of zinc catalysts on the hydrolytic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) melts in excess water was studied using a 2-L stirred pressure reactor at temperatures of 250, 265, and 280°C. The main products of the reaction were found to be terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol. Rate constants were calculated from initial rate data at each temperature and found to be about 20% greater than the corresponding rate constants for uncatalyzed hydrolysis. The catalytic effect of zinc, as well as sodium, salts is attributed to the electrolytic destabilization of the polymer-water interface during hydrolysis. The depolymerization rate data at 265°C were found to fit a kinetic model proposed earlier for the uncatalysed hydrolysis of PET. The effect of zinc and sodium salts on the activation energy of hydrolysis, or on the formation of ethylene glycol monomer is unclear. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530801
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) melts (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1731-1740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) melts with ethylene glycol was examined in a pressure reactor at temperatures above 245°C. The reaction rate was found to depend on temperature and on the concentrations of liquid ethylene glycol and of ethylene diester groups in the polymer. A kinetic model proposed for the initial period of the reaction was found to be consistent with experimental data. It was found that internal catalysis by ethylene glycol does not play an important role in the glycolytic depolymerization of PET. The rate constants for glycolysis were calculated for three different temperatures, yielding an activation energy of 92 kJ/mol. Zinc salts, which have a catalytic effect on glycolysis of PET below 245°C, do not appear to influence glycolysis rates above that temperature. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermolysis of polyethylene/polystyrene mixtures (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2133-2140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermolysis of 60/40 mixtures of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) was investigated at temperatures below 440°C. Liquid yield from the mixture, 84.1%, was comparable to yields obtained with the individual polymers. The yields of styrene monomer, 57.1%, and α-olefins, 27.7%, increased over those obtained when the polymers were processed individually. A significant interaction was observed between the polymers in which the addition of PS enhanced the rate of thermolysis of PE. It is proposed that this enhancement was due to the abstraction of hydrogen from the PE fraction by polystyryl radicals. The result of this effect is to increase the rate of volatile production from the PE and increase the solubility of the residue in chloroform. The data also support a mechanism for dimer production other than the generally accepted 1,3 transfer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic study of the hydrolytic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate at high temperatures (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The hydrolytic depolymerization of molten PET in excess water was studied using a 2 L stirred pressure reactor at temperatures of 250, 265, and 280°C. Rate constants for hydrolysis are calculated from the initial rate data. At initial water: PET charge ratios (w/w) exceeding 5.1, essentially complete depolymerization to monomer is possible at 265°C. At lower water: PET initial charges, an equilibrium is established. The equilibrium constants are calculated for 2 g water/g PET at three temperatures. A kinetic model is proposed to describe the hydrolysis reaction. The model is shown to fit experimental data and to yield good predictions for the equilibrium concentration of carboxyl groups. Carboxyl-group concentrations are measured using an end-group analysis technique. Potentiometric titrations are carried out in one of two solvent systems, dimethylphenol:chloroform or dimethylsulfoxide, depending on the extent of hydrolysis. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermolysis of polystyrene (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 843-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene was recovered from polystyrene (molecular weight of 138,000) by thermolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures between 368 and 407°C. The results were independent of the initial weight of polystyrene, which was varied between 30 and 480 g. Up to 90% of the polystyrene was converted to liquid products. The liquid products had a styrene concentration as high as 90% and the styrene yield increased with temperature. Above 390°C, the residue left in the reactor (less than 30% of initial polystyrene charge) consisted mainly of styrene monomer, dimer, and trimer (MW of 190). The kinetics support a first-order reaction with regard to the rate of production of volatiles. The activation energy was estimated to be 166.5 kJ/mol. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly α-ester degradation studies. V. Thermal degradation of polyglycollide (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 2045-2056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polyglycollide [poly(methylene carboxylate)] has been studied over the temperature range 250-400°C by using the combined kinetic and analytical technique previously described. The results obtained from thermogravimetry and product analysis were in many ways similar to those from previous work involving higher poly-α-esters. Thus the reaction was predominantly first-order and the major degradation product was glycollide monomer. This confirms the observations of Carothers and is best interpreted in terms of an intramolecular ester interchange process. Kinetic studies have shown that the first-order rate constant k is related to temperature T by the expression: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k = 2.1 \times 10^8 e^{ - 32,{{600} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{600} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}{\rm sec}^{ - {\rm 1}} } $$\end{document} The results from gas evolution analysis showed consistent and marked deviation from first-order behavior. This is interpreted in terms of the greater sensitivity of this technique to traces of acidic degradation products. Solution viscometry was used to demonstrate the effect of degradation conditions on molecular weight change in both thermogravimetric and gas evolution techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110823
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