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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Intraarticular fractures of os calcis ; CT classification ; Open reduction ; Internal fixation ; Results. ; Schlüsselwörter: Calcaneusgelenkfraktur ; CT-Klassifikation ; Plattenosteosynthese ; Ergebnisse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Von August 1992 bis März 1997 wurden 66 Patienten mit 71 Calcaneusgelenkfrakturen nach offener Reposition über einen erweiterten lateralen Zugang, Implantation der AO-Calcaneusplatte und frühfunktioneller Nachbehandlung in einer prospektiven Studie untersucht (mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit: 25 Monate, Follow-up-Rate: 96 %). Zur Evaluierung erhielten alle Patienten prä-, postoperativ und zur Nachuntersuchung ein axiales/coronares CT zur Frakturklassifikation (Zwipp-/Sanders-Schema) bzw. zur quantitativen Bewertung der Reposition und Retention der Fersenbeingeometrie und der Gelenkflächen bzw. posttraumatischer arthrotischer Veränderungen. Die klinische Beurteilung erfolgte mittels eines „± 200-Punkte-Schemas“ nach Zwipp. Die Patienten mit 5- bis 8-Punkte-Frakturen wiesen in 97 % gute Repositionen und in 82 % gute klinische Ergebnisse, die mit 9- bis 10-Punkte-Frakturen in 70 % gute Rekonstruktionen und in 67 % gute funktionelle Resultate auf. Bei den 11- bis 12-Punkte-Frakturen konnte trotz der guten Wiederherstellung in 40 % nur in 10 % ein entsprechender klinischer Befund erreicht werden. Unabhängig vom Frakturtyp wies kein Patient mit einer postoperativ verbleibenden Gelenkstufe von mehr als 2 mm in der posterioren Facette ein gutes Ergebnis auf. Durch die rekonstruierte Rückfußform auch der schwersten Frakturen und die sofortige Teilbelastung konnten sekundäre Weichteilprobleme reduziert werden, ohne daß Retentionsdefizite beobachtet wurden. Die anatomische Reposition mit übungsstabiler, nicht gelenkübergreifender Plattenosteosynthese und adäquater funktioneller Nachbehandlung ist die Voraussetzung, aber nicht die Garantie für ein gutes Resultat bei dislozierten Calcaneusgelenkfrakturen.
    Notes: Summary . From August 1992 to March 1997, 66 patients with 71 displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures were prospectively examined after an operative treatment using an extended lateral approach and the ASIF calcaneal plate followed by early functional postoperative treatment (mean follow-up 25 months, retrieval rate 96 %). To classify the type of fracture and to verify the results of reduction and of retention CT scans in the coronal and transverse plane were performed pre- and postoperatively and on the day of assessment. The Zwipp Score was used for clinical evaluation. After fractures with 5 to 8 points according to the calcaneal fracture scale, 97 % of the patients had an anatomical or near anatomical reduction of the posterior facet and the clinical outcome in 82 % of the patients was graded as good or excellent. In 70 % of patients with a fracture rated 9 to 10 points a good reduction was demonstrated and clinically there were 67 % good or excellent results. But in the fractures with 11 to 12 points, despite 40 % good reductions, the clinical outcome was graded as good in 10 % of the patients only. However, if the postoperative displacement of the posterior facet was more than 2 mm no patient had a good result independent of the type of fracture. Due to restoration of the geometry of the most comminuted fracture types and the immediate partial weight bearing secondary soft tissue problems could be minimized without any loss of articular reduction. Anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation together with adequate physical therapy are apparently preconditions but not a guarantee for a good clinical result after displaced calcaneal fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 275-291 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The density and crystallinity of UHMWPE-hip cups were investigated as a function of thickness from the inner stressed surface to the unstressed outer surface. The effects of mechanical strain and chemical reactions during simulation tests, and damage of the material due to pretreatments and storage, resulted in changes of the structure, as indicated by variations in the crystallinity. Independent of either the batch of UHMWPE supplied or the manufacturer and the type of simulator used, the individual samplesets showed a similar characteristic curve of density versus wall thickness. Infrared spectroscopic evaluations indicated the presence of oxidative degradation, and answers the question as to which areas of the polymers are changed by aging and which compounds are newly formed. The characteristic carbonyl groups were also determined. The concentration trend of carbonyl groups versus wall thickness obtained agrees surprisingly well with the locally determined density and crystallinity trend. As these compounds are formed by reactions which produce stable oxidative degradation products and also crosslinking, we have determined the degree of crosslinking. The determination of the soluble constituents after extraction showed lower degree of crosslinking on the surface than in the middle of the material. Hence it follows that on the surfaces oxidative chain scission is prevailing, whereas in the interior mainly crosslinking is developed. These results indicate that the samples used for the simulation tests had distinct differences in characteristics. Generally the results show that wear tests in joint simulators lead to property changes in UHMWPE which differ considerably from test results previously obtained on retrieved hip cups.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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