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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 748-751 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Calcium ; Parathyroid hormone ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Essential hypertension has been associated with disturbed calcium metabolism, but the available data are controversial. We measured parameters of calcium metabolism in groups of untreated male subjects (n = 78) with elevated diastolic blood pressure (101 ± 6 mmHg, mean ± SD) and age-matched male subjects (n=79) with low diastolic blood pressure (62 ± 4 mmHg). The participants of the study were drawn from a random population sample. Subjects with high diastolic blood pressure had significantly higher carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) plasma concentrations than controls with low diastolic blood pressure (median 114 vs. 43 pmol/l, P 〈 0.01). The 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were comparable in both groups. Individuals with high diastolic blood pressure had significantly lower total serum calcium (2.41 ± 0.10 vs. 2.47 ± 0.10 mmol/l, mean ± SD; P 〈 0.01). PTH concentrations were correlated with diastolic pressure (r = −0.39, P 〈 0.001). The data are compatible with increased parathyroid activity despite unchanged concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in human hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 9 (1998), S. S61 
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Meta-Analyse ; Systematische Reviews ; Evidenz-basierte Medizin ; Randomisierte Klinische Studien ; Cochrane Collaboration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Key words Meta-analysis – systematic reviews – evidence-based medicine – randomized clinical trials – Cochrane Collaboration
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der Begriff Meta-Analyse wird im allgemeinen für die Ergebnissynthese aus verschiedenen Studien verwendet. Dabei wird nicht beachtet, daß Meta-Analysen eigentlich nur den letzten statistischen Schritt eines Systematischen Reviews darstellen. Letzterer ist eine wissenschaftliche Methode, die „beste gegenwärtig verfügbare“ Evidenz aus allen veröffentlichten randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) zu extrahieren. Die Auswahl von RCTs, die in eine Meta-Analyse aufgenommen werden dürfen, unterliegt dabei expliziten Regeln. Diese betreffen vor allem Kriterien der Studienqualität wie Datenerhebung, Patientenauswahl und Auswertungsverfahren. Meta-Analysen von gepoolten Individualdaten sind zwar sehr aufwendig, sie erlauben aber z. B. eine vorsichtige Untersuchung von Subgruppen und produzieren so Resultate, die über die Einzelstudien hinaus neue Erkenntnisse und Hypothesen ermöglichen. Meta-Analysen, die alleine auf Literaturinformationen beruhen und nicht unter Einbindung der Studienleiter zustande gekommen sind, sollten kritisch beurteilt werden. Meta-Analysen von nicht-randomisierten Beobachtungsstudien sollten weitgehend vermieden werden.
    Notes: Summary Meta-analysis is often used as a synonym for result synthesis of single studies. This disregards the important fact that meta-analysis is only the last statistical step in a systematic review. The latter is a scientific method which extracts the best actually available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Systematic reviews use explicit rules for the inclusion of studies. These refer to criteria of study quality such as patient selection, conduct or methods of analyses. Meta-analyses of pooled individual study data facilitate a cautious analysis of patient subgroups impossible with single study results. They may produce new evidence and generate new hypotheses. Meta-analyses which are merely restricted to information obtained from the literature require critical scrutiny. Summarizing non-randomized observational studies with meta-analytical techniques should be avoided in most situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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