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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of human cytomegalovirus on immune reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 64 (1992), S. A140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Cytomegalovirus infection ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Graft-versus-host disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HCMV infection diagnosed by the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in blood, urine and skin biopsies of patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) correlated with the reconstitution of peripheral blood lymphocytes and dermal immunohistological alterations to evaluate the interaction of viral infection with the recovery of the immune system, as well as with the induction or aggravation of graftversus-host disease (GVHD). In a prospective study 73% of 63 patients showed viremia at a median time of 25 days after BMT. Only 44% of these cases that also presented with a higher frequency of acute GVHD symptoms developed HCMB disease later on. In the skin, similar immunohistological alternations, as well as frequent primary local HCMV infection before the development of cutaneous signs of GVHD, was found, suggesting the direct involvement of anti-HCMV immune responses in the induction of GVHD-associated organ lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715368
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological skin alterations in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 675-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunohistology ; Skin alterations ; Graft-versus-host disease ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Langerhans cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin biopsies of 26 patients with leukemia and seven patients with aplastic anemia were investigated before and at different stages after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to establish the immunological criteria which distinguish skin alterations during normal reconstitution from dermal lesions mediated by graft-versushost disease (GvHD). Of the 33 patients studied 27 presented with clinically diagnosed acute and/or chronic GvHD, one patient died of bone marrow rejection. Immunohistological analysis of the respective skin biopsies with selected monoclonal antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and differentiation antigens of the lympho-hematopoietic cells revealed low dermal mononuclear cell counts with phenotypically normal constituents in five cases with uncomplicated reconstitution post-grafting. In contrast, increased dermal cellular infiltrates predominantly consisting of Lyt 3+, OKT 8+ T-lymphocytes, as well as of a large number of Ia-like (immune response associated = HLA-D) determinant+ monocytes/macrophages were observed in all patients with active acute/chronic GvH reactivity. As sign of activation simultaneous expression of HLA-D region products was also found on a subset of the invading OKT 8+ T-lymphocytes. Progression of GvHD was associated with additional surface staining of keratinocytes for Ia-like determinants. Loss of Ia-like determinant+, OKT 6+ dentritic epithelial cells in all leukemic patients, as well as in patients with aplastic anemia with or without GvHD suggested damage of Langerhans cells due to the previous radiotherapy and/or specific immunological destruction. In patients with fatal outcome of GvHD prolonged reduction of these dentritic epithelial cells seemed to be indicative of impaired immune reconstitution or bone marrow dysfunction. Thus immunopathological features of skin GvHR may enable early recognition and prognostic evaluation of this disease possibly allowing more effective therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716464
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reticular facilitation of cat visual cortical responses is mediated by nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 96 (1983), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Receptor antagonists ; Area 17 ; Mesencephalic reticular formation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation facilitates responses in the visual cortex elicited from the optic radiation. Using intraveneous administration of cholinergic antagonists we investigated in adult cats and two kittens whether this effect is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms. When administered alone the muscarinic antagonists atropine and scopolamine and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine failed to block reticular facilitation and sometimes even enhanced the effects of reticular stimulation. However, when administered in combination muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists eliminated or significantly reduced the facilitation. This was even true when the two antagonists were administered with a time lag of several hours. These results support the notion that reticular facilitation of cortical responses is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms and suggest that this effect is mediated either by a receptor with a mixed pharmacological property or by two independent pathways acting via nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. This hypothesis is discussed in the context of recent evidence on cholinergic transmission and earlier data on the pharmacology of reticular arousal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230433
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structures mediating cholinergic reticular facilitation of cortical responses in the cat: effects of lesions in immunocytochemically characterized projections (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 96 (1983), S. 8-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Excitotoxin lesion ; Basal forebrain ; Area 17 ; Mesencephalic reticular formation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholinergic afferents to the neocortex controlled by the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) are known to transiently facilitate cortical excitability. In an attempt to identify the pathway mediating this effect in the cat visual cortex we combined retrograde tracing techniques with immunocytochemical methods to visualize the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In addition we examined, in acute electrophysiological experiments, whether local neurotoxin injections into nuclei of the basal forebrain interfered with the reticular facilitation of cortical evoked potentials. Cholinergic projections to area 17 originate from different centers in the homolateral substantia innominata/internal capsule, the septal nuclei, and the nuclei of the diagonal band of Broca. No direct cholinergic projection from the MRF to the visual cortex was observed. Retrogradely labelled cells intermingled with ChAT-positive neurons in the brainstem generally revealed immunopositivity for catecholaminergic markers. Local injections of neurotoxins in the substantia innominata blocked reticular facilitation, whereas local lesions of the septal nuclei and the nuclei of the diagonal band had no effect on MRF-induced facilitation. The blockage of the reticular facilitation of cortical evoked responses after unilateral lesions of the substantia innominata was bilateral, suggesting a cooperative interaction between basal forebrain structures of the two hemispheres. The anatomical and physiological data are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of transient brainstem influences on cortical excitability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230434
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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