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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 260 (1968), S. 379-399 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prenylamine ; Indirect Sympathomimetic Action ; Cocaine-Like Action ; Unspecific-Spasmolytic and Quinidine-Like Action ; MAO-Inhibitor ; Prenylamin ; Indirekt sympathicomimetische Wirkung ; Cocainähnliche Wirkung ; Unspezifisch spasmolytische und chinidinartige Wirkung ; MAO-Hemmstoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das pharmakologische Wirkungsspektrum des Prenylamins umfaßt 1. indirekt sympathicomimetische, 2. cocain- bzw. imipraminähnliche, 3. unspezifisch-spasmolytische, papaverinähnliche Wirkungen. 1. Die tachykardische und blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung des Prenylamins an der Katze wurde durch Cocain abgeschwächt. Seine Kontraktionswirkung an der Nickhaut war jedoch verstärkt, da Cocain offensichtlich die für die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin erforderliche Aufnahme der lipophilen Substanz weniger hemmt als die Wiederaufnahme des freigesetzten Brenzcatechinamins. — Die coronargefäβerweiternde und positiv inotrope Wirkung des Prenylamins am isoliert durchströmten Rattenherz (Langendorff) war nach Vorbehandlung mit Reserpin aufgehoben und ließ sich durch Noradrenalininfusion restituieren. — I.v. Injektion von 5 mg/kg Prenylamin führte bei Ratten zu einer Abnahme des Noradrenalin- und Dopamin-gehaltes, nicht jedoch zu einer Abnahme des Serotoningehaltes im Gehirn. Versuche mit 14C-Prenylamin ergaben, daß die für die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin in Herz und Gehirn erforderliche Prenylaminkonzentration im Gewebe mindestens fünffach über derjenigen des Noradrenalins liegen mußte. Die Ergebnisse sprechen weniger für einen reserpinähnlichen Wirkungsmechanismus als vielmehr für denjenigen eines indirekt wirkenden sympathicomimetischen Amins. 2. Die cocain- bzw. imipraminähnliche Wirkungsqualität des Prenylamins kam darin zum Ausdruck, daß es die an der Nickhaut durch Noradrenalin ausgelösten Kontraktionen stärker potenzierte als die durch Adrenalin verursachten. Prenylamin hemmte die Aufnahme von 3H-Noradrenalin in das isoliert perfundierte Rattenherz. Prenylamin erwies sich in vitro als ein reversibler und kompetitiver Hemmstoff der Monoaminoxydase. Eine Hemmung des Ferments auch in vivo könnte mitverantwortlich dafür sein, daß die Tyraminwirkung an der Nickhaut nach Prenylamin verstärkt war. 3. Eine unspezifisch-spasmolytische, papaverinähnliche Wirkungskomponente war die Ursache dafür, daß Prenylamin am Meerschweinchenileum die Acetylcholin-und Histaminwirkung, am Vas deferens der Ratte die Acetylcholin- und Noradrenalinwirkung nicht-kompetitiv abschwächte. Sie erklärt auch, weshalb Prenylamin an der Katze nach Cocain nur noch eine blutdrucksenkende Eigenwirkung besaß, die blutdrucksteigernde Adrenalinwirkung abschwächte und in höherer Dosierung zu einer chinidinartigen Depression des Herzmuskels führte. Die „antiadrenergischen“ Wirkungen des Prenylamins sind somit weder α- noch β-sympathicolytische, sondern unspezifische Effekte.
    Notes: Summary Prenylamine possesses not only the properties of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine but also exerts cocaine-like, and unspecific-spasmolytic, papaverine-like actions. 1. In the cat the chronotropic as well as the blood pressure raising action of prenylamine was abolished by cocaine. However, the contractions of the nictitating membrane elicited by prenylamine were potentiated. Obviously, cocaine is not able to prevent completely the uptake of the lipophilic drug but blocks the re-uptake of released noradrenaline. — The coronary dilating and inotropic action of prenylamine in isolated perfused rat hearts was abolished by pretreatment with reserpine and restored by infusion of noradrenaline (NA). — After i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg prenylamine only the NA and dopamine content in brain of rats was reduced; the serotonin content remained unchanged. To produce this effect, the tissue concentration of the drug in heart and brain had to be at least 5 times higher than that of NA as shown by experiments with 14C-prenylamine. The results suggest that the underlying mechanism is similar to that of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine and not a reserpine-like one. 2. Because of its cocaine-like property prenylamine potentiated the action of NA on the nictitating membrane to a higher degree than that of adrenaline. The drug inhibited the uptake of 3H-NA in the isolated perfused rat heart. In vitro prenylamine was shown to be a reversible and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. In vivo-inhibition of the enzyme could thus also be responsible for the enhanced action of tyramine on the nictitating membrane caused by the drug. 3. Because of its unspecific-spasmolytic, papaverine-like properties prenylamine inhibited the actions of acetylcholine and histamine on the guinea pig ileum and the actions of acetylcholine and NA on the vas deferens of rat in a non-competitive manner. This unspecific action explained why prenylamine in the cat after cocaine was a pure depressor agent and reduced the pressor action of adrenaline; furthermore, it explains why high doses caused a quinidine-like depression of cardiac muscle. Thus the “antiadrenergic” actions of prenylamine are not due to the blocking of α- or β-receptors but are merely unspecific effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 258 (1967), S. 128-149 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; N- and α-methylation ; adrenergic receptors ; β-receptors of heart and vessels ; Brenzcatechinamine ; N- und α-Methylierung ; Adrenergische Receptoren ; β-Receptoren der Gefäße und des Herzens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. N-methylation of dopamine yielding epinine means potentiation of the α-adrenergic pressor action in the cat. It is only N-methylation which renders dopamine to a direct acting β-sympathomimetic amine: the positive inotropic effect of epinine on the isolated electrically driven guinea pig auricle remained uninfluenced by pretreatment of the animals with reserpine, whereas the dose-response curve of dopamine was shifted to the right. The blood pressure lowering effect of epinine after phenoxybenzamine was—in contrast to that of dopamine—abolished by pronethalol.—N-methylation of noradrenaline doubled the affinity for the β-receptors of the heart. 2. Also by α-methylation dopamine gains affinity to the adrenergic β-receptors (heart and vessels): d-α-methyldopamine, an exclusively directly acting catecholamine, had a 40 times stronger inotropic action than dopamine on reserpinized auricles; the action of l-α-methyldopamine, a mainly indirectly acting amine, was only 4 times stronger than dopamine. α-methylnoradrenaline, although having the same inotropic activity as noradrenaline, had a 10 times stronger depressor action than noradrenaline in the cat pretreated with phenoxybenzamine. By α-methylation, the α-adrenergic pressor effect of dopamine as well as that of noradrenaline was enhanced only in the range of lower doses since the dose-response curves of the α-methylated compounds were generally less steep than those of the non-methylated catecholamines, indicating a lower “intrinsic activity” of the α-methylated derivatives. 3. The N- and α-methylated catecholamines α-methylepinine and α-methyladrenaline resp. were blood pressure lowering agents per se, because both methylgroups additively enhanced the affinity to the vascular β-receptors. α-methylepinine was the most potent β-sympathomimetic on the heart in the “dopamine series” (dopamine 〈 d-α-methyldopamine ≈ epinine 〈 dl-α-methylepinine). However, in the “noradrenaline series” the twofold methylated compound α-methyladrenaline had the lowest positive inotropic action (d(−)-adrenaline 〉 d(−)-noradrenaline ≈ (−)erythro-α-methylnoradrenaline 〉 (−) erythro-α-methyladrenaline). 4. From the results the following conclusions are drawn: The N- as well as the α-methyl-group exerts and “+I-effect” on the ammonium group. Thereby, protonation will be increased which leads to an enhanced affinity of the resp. catecholamine to the adrenergic α- and β-receptor. Since the α-CH3 group—dependant upon its steric configuration—also causes a steric hindrance at the receptor site, the increase in affinity due to the +I-effect is partially neutralized. By that the lower intrinsic affinity of the α-methylated compounds as indicated by the different slope of their pressor dose-response curves, is also readily explained. Furtheron it is intelligible why α-methylation enhanced the β-adrenergic activity in the less potent “dopamine series” (preponderance of the “+I-effect”), whereas it lowered the affinity to the cardiac β-receptors in the “noradrenaline series” (preponderance of the steric hindrance). 5. Although α-methyladrenaline was the least potent β-sympathomimetic of the “noradrenaline series” in the guinea pig heart, it was the most potent compound in lowering the cat's blood pressure. Therefore, it seems to be questionable whether the cardiac and the vascular β-receptors and/or the mechanisms by which they induce the pharmacodynamic actions are identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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