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  • Inhibition  (4)
  • Cats  (3)
  • Electron microscopy  (3)
  • Keratinization  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of cultured cells from the murine hair tissues: cell growth and differentiation (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 282 (1990), S. 402-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Culture ; Hair cells ; Growth ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cultured hair cells from 4-day-old C3H mice were studied by electron microscopy. The hair roots isolated from the skin by collagenase digestion were dispersed into a cell suspension by treatment with a mixture of trypsin and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The cells were cultured in MCDB-153 (a medium containing seven growth factors) for 1, 3, 6 or 13 days. The number of cultured cells on day 3 was twice that on day 1, and stayed at the same level until day 13. By electron microscopy, some of the cells cultured for 1 day were seen to be undifferentiated and others already showed differentiation into various hair structures. Such differentiated cells disappeared on day 3 and most of the cells cultured for 3 days were undifferentiated. Cells cultured for 6 days were differentiated showing inner root sheath cell, hair cortical cell and medulla cell structures. The characteristics of these cultured cells corresponded well to those of in vivo cells of the hair tissues from the back skin of 7-day-old C3H mice. On day 13 degeneration occurred in the cultured cells. In none of these cultures were mesenchymal cells, such as fibroblasts, found. The present electron microscopic study reveals that immature cells obtained from mouse hair tissues proliferate in vitro and differentiate into several subpopulations corresponding to those of in vivo cell layers of hair tissues. The present culture technique may be useful for studies of hair cell growth and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372092
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathogenesis of inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal naevus: histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Inflammatory linear epidermal naevus ; Keratinization ; DACM ; Involucrin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin lesions of three patients with inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal naevus (ILVEN) were examined. Histologically, orthokeratosis and parakeratosis were alternately seen in the acanthotic epidermis. By N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide staining, the horny cells in the parakeratotic epidermis showed a cytoplasmic SH pattern and a weak membranous SS pattern. The orthokeratotic epidermis revealed an increased involucrin expression, whereas the parakeratotic epidermis showed almost no involucrin expression. Ultrastructurally, in the parakeratotic epidermis, the living keratinocytes had prominent Golgi apparatuses and vesicles in the cytoplasm. In the intercellular spaces in the upper spinous layer through to the lower horny layer, an electron dense, homogeneous substance was deposited. The cytoplasm of the horny cells was filled with keratin filaments and contained remnants of nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane structures, and some lipid droplets. The marginal band formation was incomplete. Most of these ultrastructural abnormalities were not found in the orthokeratotic epidermis. There are both similarities and differences in histopathogenesis of the parakeratotic epidermis between ILVEN and psoriasis. A unique finding was the lack of involucrin expression in the ILVEN parakeratotic epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cepharanthine and minoxidil on proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the murine hair apparatus (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cepharanthine ; Minoxidil ; Culture ; Hair cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of cepharanthine and minoxidil on proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the murine hair apparatus were examined electron microscopically. Both cepharanthine and minoxidil stimulated cell proliferation and delayed initiation of differentiation and keratinization of the cultured cells. On day 6, most control cells (87%) cultured in a 0.03 mM calcium medium without cepharanthine and minoxidil were differentiated into several subpopulations corresponding to those of in vivo cell layers of the hair apparatus, while most of the cells cultured with cepharanthine (71%) or minoxidil (70%) were still immature. On day 13, the number of degenerated cells increased (63%) in the control culture, whereas in the culture treated with cepharanthine or minoxidil, cell degeneration scarcely occurred (5% and 8%, respectively). Differentiated cells having tonofilaments were often observed in the cepharanthine- and minoxidil-treated cultures (76% and 72%, respectively). Elevation of extracellular calcium up to 1.0 mM induced keratinization (34%) in the control culture on day 6, while no keratinized cells were observed in the cepharanthine- or minoxidil-treated culture. On day 13 keratinization similarly occurred in the cultures with cepharanthine (30%) or minoxidil (48%). These results show that both cepharanthine and minoxidil may directly influence proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the hair apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372583
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The innermost cell layer of the outer root sheath in anagen hair follicle: Light and electron microscopic study (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1986), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Innermost cell layer ; Outer root sheath ; Anagen hair follicle ; Keratinization ; Light and electron microscopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate cell differentiation in the outer root sheath (ORS) of the human anagen hair follicle, scalp skin specimens from individuals with normal hair were examined using light and electron microscopes. In the bulbar portion, the ORS was composed of two cell layers. The cells in the outer layer gradually increased in number upwards and finally underwent so-called trichilemmal keratinization, which proceeded toward the hair canal. On the other hand, the inner cells in the bulb formed a single cell layer along the outside of Henle's layer during cell differentiation; this unique layer was referred to as the innermost cell (IMC) layer of the ORS. With the use of hematoxylin and eosin stain, at the suprabulbar portion, where Henle's cells were keratinizing, an eosinophilic substance was deposited in the inner (Henle's) side of the IMC cytoplasm. The IMCs gradually became entirely eosinophilic and often produced keratohyaline granules. Ultrastructurally, the IMCs of the ORS showed an oblong shape forming a regularly arranged single-cell layer along the keratinizing Henle's layer and accumulated tonofilaments in the cytoplasm. They produced a few small electron-dense keratohyaline granules and were keratinized at the level at which Henle's layer still preserved its cell structure. From these findings, it is suggested that there are two types of keratinization of the ORS: trichilemmal keratinization and IMC keratinization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologic roles of the innermost cell layer of the outer root sheath in human anagen hair follicle: further electron microscopic study (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 281 (1989), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Innermost cell layer ; Tonofilaments ; Huxley's cells ; Henle's cells ; Anagen hair follicles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the biologic roles and further cytologic characteristics of the innermost cell (IMC) layer of the outer root sheath (ORS), human anagen hair follicles were ultrastructurally examined. In the lower follicle, the transeversely running tonofilaments in the inner side of the cytoplasm of the IMCs showed a massive accumulation, facing the keratinized part of a Huxley's cell protruding through a Henle's pore. In a rare instance, a spindle-shaped cell was seen between the IMC layer and the keratinized Henle's layer. At the lower isthmus portion, some of the IMCs containing a large number of tonofilaments showed a partial degeneration of the inner side of the cytoplasm. More distally, intercellular spaces between the keratinized IMCs and keratinized Henle's cells were partly dilated and contained amorphous substances. It is suggested that the IMCs in the lower follicle may play a role to support and cover the inner hair structures, tightly as hoops of a barrel. In the isthmus portion, the IMCs may loosely support and guide the keratinized Henle's cells undergoing degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431059
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the skin in Sjögren — Larsson syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sjögren ; Larsson syndrome ; Ichthyosis ; Ultrastructure ; Lamellar body ; Keratinization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ichthyosiform skin and the uninvolved skin of a 5-year-old Japanese female with Sjögren — Larsson syndrome were examined by light and electron microscopy to elucidate the keratinization disorder. Light microscopically, the epidermis of the ichthyosiform skin showed acanthosis, papillomatosis and hyperkeratosis. The horny cells had a basket-weave appearance. The granular cell layer was slightly thickened. Slight round cell infiltration and vascular dilatation were seen in the upper dermis. The uninvolved skin was histologically normal. Electron microscopically, in both ichthyosiform and uninolved skin, abnormal lamellar or membranous inclusions were present in the cytoplasm of horny cells of the epidermis. These inclusions appeared to be derived from some of the lamellar bodies and/or abnormal membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of spinous and granular cells. Mitochondria in the epidermal basal cells were more numerous in the ichthyosiform skin than in the uninvolved skin. These findings indicate that, whether the skin is involved or not, the epidermis of the patient with this disorder may always have a structural abnormality, which may be genetically determined. Local environmental factors may play a role in inducing the acanthosis and papillomatosis of the epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372053
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar-evoked disinhibition in dorsal deiters neurones (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 6 (1968), S. 247-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Disinhibition ; Cerebellum ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following the stimulation of cerebellar cortex, a slow depolarization developed in the neurones which were impaled with microelectrodes in the dorsal portion of the nucleus of Deiters. Characteristically, it was produced bilaterally from a wide area of the culmen and, with double shock stimulation at brief intervals, showed a marked potentiation, often in association with a later depression. After repetitive stimulation of the cerebellar cortex the slow depolarization was prolonged for a period of many seconds. Even stimulation of the spinal cord caused similar depolarization. By intracellular injection of currents and ions, the depolarization was shown to be disinhibition, i. e., removal of background inhibition. Accordingly, it was confirmed that there was a steady production of IPSPs in dorsal Deiters neurones, which diminished during the phase of disinhibition. As the possible source of these background IPSPs, the Purkinje cell axons within the nucleus of Deiters were found to be discharging rhythmically at a rate of 20–90/sec, and in fact they were depressed very effectively after cerebellar stimulation. At the same time, volleys along Purkinje cell axons produced by a testing cerebellar stimulation also were diminished, indicating a depression in the excitability of Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones II. Temporal correlation between the trans-synaptic activation of Purkinje cells and the inhibition of Deiters neurones (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 350-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Inhibition ; Climbing fibre responses ; Inferior olive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular recording with microelectrodes has been employed to reveal the causal relationship between the trans-synaptic activation of cerebellar Purkinje cells and the postsynaptic inhibition of Deiters neurones. Cerebellar stimulation produced in Deiters neurones not only monosynaptic IPSPs with latency of 0.9–1.5 msec, but also the delayed IPSPs at 1.5–9 msec. Correspondng to the latter, Purkinje cells were found to be activated orthodromically with the characteristic climbing fibre responses (CFRs), the latency varying from 0.8 up to 10 msec. On the other hand, stimulation of the inferior olive first induced EPSPs in Deiters neurones, presumably monosynaptically, then with a short delay of less than a millisecond CRFs in Purkinje cells of the anterior lobe, which in turn were succeeded by IPSPs in Deiters neurones after a further delay of a millisecond. Spinal stimulation activated the inferior olive trans-synaptically and thereby produced CFRs in Purkinje cells and a sequence of EPSPs and IPSPs in Deiters neurones. Close correlation between these spinal-induced events in both neurone species was further indicated by the concurrence of their fluctuations in intensity, these fluctuations being characteristic of the spino-olivary transmission mechanism. These results strongly support the postulate that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in their action upon Deiters neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234780
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones III. Localization of the inhibitory zone (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 4 (1968), S. 310-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Cerebellum ; Inhibitory zone ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By recording intracellularly from Deiters neurones of cats, there was a survey of those cerebellar areas that, when stimulated, produced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) monosynaptically in Deiters neurones. The monosynaptic inhibitory area expanded longitudinally mainly along the ipsilateral vermal cortex of the anterior lobe. The ipsilateral cortex of the posterior lobe was also effective in inhibiting Deiters neurones though less prominently than the anterior lobe. The inhibitory fibers could be stimulated in the white matter of the cerebellum, predominantly in the ipsilateral side at rostral regions of nuclei fastigii and interpositus. It was further shown that the monosynaptic inhibition from the anterior and posterior lobes occurs chiefly in the dorsal portion of Deiters nucleus. Since in both the cerebellum and Deiters nucleus the spatial pattern of distribution of the inhibitory fibers conforms to that of the corticovestibular fibers as histologically defined, the experimental findings are in accord with the hypothesis that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235698
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory interaction between the vestibulo-ocular reflexes arising from semicircular canals of rabbits (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular ; Oculomotor ; Canal ; Inhibition ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anesthetized albino rabbits, electric pulse stimulation was applied to ampullary branches of the vestibular nerve. Reflex discharges evoked from a canal in an extraocular muscle were depressed very effectively by conditioning stimulation at a certain other canal. The present systematic survey revealed that this reflex depression occurred specifically in 3 combinations of conditioning and testing canals; 1. anterior and posterior canals of the same side; 2. anterior and posterior canals of the opposite sides; and 3. horizontal canals of the two sides. Occurrence of postsynaptic inhibition in oculomotor neurons, on the other hand, was indicated by appearance of slow muscle potentials in extraocular muscles. It was confirmed that this motoneuronal inhibition did not contribute to the reflex depression in the above combination (1). Even in combinations (2) and (3), the accompanying motoneuronal inhibition was eliminated by adjusting intensities of canal stimuli or by severing its pathway in the medulla, or it was discriminated from the reflex depression by their different latencies and time courses. Hence, it was concluded that the reflex depression was attributable, at least largely, to non-motoneuronal inhibition, presumably postsynaptic inhibition at relay neurons for vestibulo-ocular reflexes. Slow muscle potentials evoked from a canal were also used as testing responses, but their depression could not be detected after conditioning at other canals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235251
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