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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 80 (1913), S. 397-401 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 85 (1914), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Äthylalkohol und Rohrzucker in verschiedenen Konzentrationen auf die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit von Cadmium einer Jod-Jodkaliumlösung ist bei 25° gemessen worden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 463-471 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: hydrogel ; free volume ; positron annihilation ; water ; density ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with 2-ethoxy ethyl methacrylate (EEMA) was synthesized and the molecular mobility, free volume, and density properties examined as a function of composition. These properties were correlated with the equilibrium water uptake in order to determine which of the properties were most influential in causing high water sorption, as these materials are suitable candidates for hydrogel systems. It was found that the polar HEMA repeat unit results in a rigid, glassy sample at room temperature due to the high degree of hydrogen bonding between chains whereas high EEMA content leads to rubbery samples with subambient glass transition temperatures. The free volume properties on the molecular scale measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) showed that higher HEMA content led to smaller, fewer holes and a lower free volume fraction than EEMA. Therefore the high water uptake of HEEMA-containing copolymers is largely related to the high polarity of the HEMA unit compared to EEMA, despite the low content of free volume into which the water can initially diffuse. Trends in density with copolymer composition, as measured on a macroscopic level, differs to that seen by PALS and indicates that the two techniques are measuring different scales of packing. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 463-471, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the actions of human placental lactogen (HPL) and human growth hormone (HGH) on [3H]thymidine incorporation and the release of immunoassyable somatomedin-C (SM-C) by isolated myoblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and costal cartilage explants taken from human fetuses, at 11-21 weeks of gestation. The incorporation of [3H] thymidine by myoblasts and fibroblasts was significantly increased after incubation for 20 hr or 44 hr, and cell number after incubation for 7 days, in the presence of 50-250 ng/ml HPL. Incubation with HPL did not increase [3H]thymidine incorporation into cartilage explants, whereas incubation with HGH failed to enhance the uptake of this isotope by any of the tissues. Following extraction with acid-ethanol, culture medium conditioned by exposure to myoblasts or fibroblasts for 44 hr, and to cartilage explants for 7 days, contained radioimmunoassayable SMC. Myoblast-conditioned medium contained significantly more SM-C [1,609 ± 953 mU/mg cell protein (mean ± SD) n = 10] than did that conditioned by fibroblasts (637 ± 323; n = 5; P 〈 0.02). In 1 week of culture, cartilage explants released 4.1 ± 1.1 mU/mg wet weight (n = 7). The release of immunoassayable SM-C from cultured cells was significantly increased in the presence of 250 ng/ml HPL in five of eight experiments with myoblasts and two of four experiments with fibroblasts. Neither fibroblasts or myoblasts showed increased SM-C release following exposure to HGH.The results suggest that HPL, but not HGH, is growth-promoting for some human fetal tissues in vitro and that this action is mediated, at least in part, by an increased release of somatomedins.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 322-328 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the influence of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on DNA synthesis in human fetal fibroblasts, as measured by the incorporation of [3H] thymidine and cell replication. In serum-free medium, without additional peptide growth factors, TGF-β had no action on thymidine incorporation. However, in the presence of 0.1% v/v fetal calf serum, TGF-β exhibited a bi-functional action on the cells. A dose-dependent stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation, and an increase in cell number, occurred with fibroblasts established from fetuses under 50 g body weight, with a maximum stimulation seen at 1.25 ng/ml. For fibroblasts from fetuses of 100 g or greater body weight, TGF-β caused a dose-related decrease in thymidine uptake with a maximal inhibition at 2.5 ng/ml, and a small decrease in cell number. When DNA synthesis was stimulated by the addition of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I, epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, their actions were potentiated by the presence of TGF-β on cells derived from fetuses under 50 g body weight, but inhibited on cells obtained from the larger fetuses wieghing more than 100 g. Similar results were found for changes in cell number in response to TGF-β when stimulated by SM-C/IGF I. The ability of TGF-β to modulate [3H] thymidine incorporation did not involve a change in the time required for growth-restricted cells to enter the S phase of the replication cycle. These data suggest that TGF-β may exert either a growth-promoting or growth-inhibiting action on human fetal connective tissues in the presence of other peptide growth factors, which is dependent on fetal age and development.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 241-244 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simplified approximation method for the treatment of dead-end and high conversion polymerization kinetics is presented. The method is based on the treatment of dead-end polymerization first described by Tobolsky. In appropriate circumstances, by contrast with Tobolsky's method, this method provides measurements of kd and kp/kt1/2 without recourse to the measurement of the monomer conversion at infinite time.Kinetic studies of free radical polymerizations are normally confined to measurements of initial rates. At low conversions the predictions of the general mechanism for chain-growth polymerization involving initiation, propagation, and termination steps are generally obeyed. Thus the polymerization rate should be first order in the vinyl monomer and half-order in the initiator concentrations.At high conversions, however, large deviations which can be ascribed to various effects can occur; for example, (1) the effect of the increasing viscosity of the polymerization medium on the termination rate constant kt, and possibly also on the propagation rate constant kp, which have been considered by North1 and Cardenas and O'Driscoll,2 or (2) depletion of the initiator as the polymerization progresses. This depletion will occur in all polymerizations but its significance will depend on the magnitude of the rate constant for initiator decomposition (kd) and the period of polymerization. Appropriate conditions will lead to limiting monomer conversion even after infinite polymerization time; this phenomenon has been called dead-end polymerization by Tobolsky.3Free radical polymerizations to high conversion are particularly important in the industrial context when initial kinetics are obviously inadequate. Suitable treatment of the conversion/time relationship is highly desirable.Senogles and Woolf4 have examined the polymerization of n-lauryl methacrylate at 60°C with 2-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator under dead-end conditions.Here we propose a modification of Tobolsky's treatment of such polymerizations by using an approximation for the exponential decay in the initiator concentration. This method permits easy manipulation of the experimental data and the estimation of values for the kinetic parameters in favorable circumstances without recourse to the measurement of the conversion at infinite time or the evaluation of complicated functions of the monomer conversion. The method thus allows the duration of the laboratory experimentation to be significantly shortened and the complexity of the subsequent data analysis to be considerably reduced.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Isolated adult rat hepatocytes were used to investigate and compare the actions of glucose or amino acids and insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and dexamethasone on the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) mRNA, or the release of IGFBP and IGF peptides in vitro. Ligand blot analysis of culture medium conditioned for 24 h by monolayers of hepatocytes in the presence of 6.5 mM glucose revealed two species of IGFBPs, and abundant form of 30-32 kDa and a minor species of 22-24 kDa. Western blotting showed that two IGFBPs of 29-30 and 32 kDa were recognized by antiserum against hIGFBP-1, whereas hepatocytes contained a 1.6 kb transcript on Northern blot with a rat IGFBP-1 cDNA. Insulin-like growth factor BP-2 mRNA was not detected in hepatocytes and IGFBP-2 immunoreactive peptide not present in conditioned medium. The release of IGFBP-1, determined by ligand blot, was independent of gucose concentration over the range of 2.7 mM-11.1 mM, but IGFBP-1 mRNA was decreased following incubation with 6.5 mM gucose compared with 2.7 mM glucose. The release of IGFBP-1 by hepatocytes was inhibited by insulin (10nM-1μM), as was mRNA abundance. However, these effects of insulin on IGFBP-1 diminished with increasing glucose concentration. Increasing concentrations of total amino acids increased IGFBP-1 release as did dexamethasone (100 pM-100nM), whereas growth hormone and gucagon were without effect. The release of IGF I was increased by insulin, growth hormone and dexamethasone but was decreased by glucagon and amino acids, whereas changes in glucose concentration had no effect. The results show that isolated adult rat hepatocytes release IGF I and IGFBP-1 under the interactive control of nutrients and hormones involved in metabolic homeostasis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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