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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-function studies of human ciliary neurotrophic factor (1994)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 19 (1994), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Ciliary neurotrophic factor ; mutagenesis ; secondeary protein structure ; biological activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a polypeptide that promotes the survival and/or differentiation of a number of neural cell types. Here we present a structural and functional analysis of the human CNTF molecule. Variant proteins were synthesized byEscherichia coli trnsformmed with mutant cDNA constructs, and purified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Most variant CNTF proteins lacked neurotrophic activity, but two N-and C-terminal deletions (Δ2–14 and Δ173–200, respectively) actually displayed a several-fold increase in specific activity. Loss of biological activity was accompanied by changes in the alphahelical nature of CNTF as measured by circular dichroism. These data strengthen the proposed similarity between CNTF and the family of hematopoietic cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966820
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversion in expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in 6-thioguanine resistant neuroblastoma: Evidence for reduced enzyme levels associated with unaltered catalytic activity (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 92 (1977), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Five clones of mouse neuroblastoma cells able to grow in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine containing medium were isolated from a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT; EC 2.4.2.8; IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase) deficient cell line. These hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine resistant revertant clones had 45-55% of wild-type cell HGPRT activity. Kinetic studies indicated that the HGPRT in revertant clones had a reduced maximal velocity as compared to wild type cells based on cell protein. Apparent Km values of HGPRT for hypoxanthine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate were similar in wild-type and revertant cells. Heat inactivation studies demonstrated a similar heat lability for HGPRT in revertant and wild-type cells. An antibody fraction prepared from serum of rabbits immunized with HGPRT partially purified from mouse liver was used to measure the amount of cross-reacting material in normal and revertant clones. The revertant clones had one-half the amount of cross-reacting material present in wild-type cells, based on a given amount of cell protein. These data indicate that the revertant cells may contain fewer HGPRT molecules with unaltered catalytic activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040920216
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic responses and growth stimulation in rat astroglial cells: Differential mechanisms of gangliosides and serum (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 453-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat astroglial cells respond to fetal calf serum (FCS) and gangliosides, including GM1, by undergoing proliferation. Here, we show that addition of FCS but not GM1 causes an increase in Na+, K+-pump activity, as measured by ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx. The increase of Na+, K+-pump activity by FCS was due to increased Na+ influx (measured with 22Na+). This increased Na+ influx was sensitive to amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange. Amiloride also blocked the FCS-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. Two defined polypeptide growth factors, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were also able to elicit an amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx and an ouabain-sensitive K+ uptake in these astroglial cells, in the presence of FCS or insulin. Thus, GM1 differs from serum and growth factors in the mechanisms by which these agents stimulate the proliferation of the astroglial cells used here.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic behaviors and neuronal survival in developing ganglia. III. Studies with embryonic chick sympathetic neurons (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 114 (1983), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have shown in the past that (1) Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) controls the Na+,K+-pump in its ganglionic neuronal targets and (2) the NGF requirement for pump control is developmentally regulated in the chick embryo dorsal root ganglion. We report here that NGF is fully competent to insure the control of intracellular Na+ concentrations (as expression of pump control) in intact chick sympathetic ganglia and enriched suspensions of sympathetic neurons from embryonic day 8 (E8) through 13. At later stages (E13-E18), NGF becomes less and less required for that control as the neurons gain a self-sustained ionic pump competence. In monolayer cultures of enriched sympathetic neurons, an increasing neuronal survival in the absence of NGF occurs. These data demonstrate that the ability of developing sympathetic neurons to survive without NGF increases with the same temporal pattern as does their independence from NGF for ionic pump control, stressing the importance of ionic events for neuronal survival.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041140213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Na+, K+ pump activity by nerve growth factor in chick embryo dorsal root ganglion cells (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 113 (1982), S. 28-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is required for the growth and development of sensory and sympathetic neurons. Incubation of chick dorsal root ganglionic cells without NGF resulted in a decrease of active (Na+, K+-pump-mediated) K+ influx over a period of several hours. Addition of NGF to NGF-deprived cells caused (1) a return of the active K+ influx to the values occurring in cells continuously exposed to NGF, preceded by (2) a very rapid, but transient overstimulation of the Na+, K+-pump-mediated K+ influx. Restoration of normal Na+, K+-pump activity occurred at NGF concentrations of 1 biological unit/ml or greater, whereas the NGF concentration in the 1-100 biological unit/ml range affected the rapidity with which the pump restoration took place. The transient pump behavior was only observed in NGF-deprived cells and could not be elicited in NGF-supported steady-state cells or in cells having already received delayed NGF once. This transient Na+, K+-pump behavior was exclusively displayed in conjunction with a high intracellular Na+ concentration. Decreasing the external Na+ concentration below 70 mM reduced the hyperstimulation response to NGF, until at 10 mM Na+ the delayed presentation of NGF caused no overshoot at all. The effect of NGF on the Na+, K+-pump was specific for the NGF molecule and could not be mimicked by other proteins.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041130107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gangliosides stimulate astroglial cell proliferation in the absence of serum (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 126 (1986), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies with microcultures of astroglial (AG) cells from newborn rat cerebrum had shown an ability of gangliosides to interact with AG cells cultured under defined conditions. We have now investigated the capability of gangliosides to stimulate DNA synthesis and cell number increases in similar secondary microcultures of newborn rat cerebrum AG cells. At a concentration of 6 × 10-5M, GM1 ganglioside stimulated DNA synthesis and increased cell numbers, with DNA synthesis leading cell increases by 12-24 hr. The ganglioside-induced AG cell proliferative response occurred with GD1a, GD1b and GT1b, GT1b being the most potent at 10-5M - while asialo GM1 and sialic acid were without effect. In the standard test cultures, DNA synthesis declined very steeply after the first day, with cell numbers stabilizing at the level reached after 2 days. Ganglioside was not itself responsible for the restricted proliferative response, as serum produced the same behaviors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041260120
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