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  • Organic Chemistry  (6)
  • Central Chemoreceptors  (3)
  • Dynamics  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of interferon versus busulfan therapy on the reticulin stain-measured fibrosis in CML – a comparative morphometric study on sequential trephine biopsies (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 70 (1995), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words CML ; Myelofibrosis ; Dynamics ; Megakaryocytes ; Morphometry ; Interferon ; Busulfan ; Sequential bone marrow biopsies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To evaluate treatment-related changes of the reticulin stain-measured fibrosis in Ph1+-CML, a clinicopathological study was performed on sequential trephine biopsies of the bone marrow following either interferon (IFN) or busulfan (BU) monotherapy. Using the monoclonal antibody CD61 for the identification of megakaryopoiesis and Gomori's silver impregnation method, number of megakaryocytes and density of argyrophilic (reticulin and collagen) fibers were determined by morphometry. We studied specimens from 26 patients with IFN-alpha 2b (including nine patients with additional IFN gamma) therapy and from 23 patients who had received BU. In both groups, repeated bone marrow biopsies (total 125) revealed a significant increase in the fiber content, as well as in the number of megakaryocytes during treatment. To assess the dynamics of myelofibrosis more precisely, computation of differences in the degree of fiber density between the first and last examination was carried out. Regarding the considerable variations in the biopsy intervals, a so-called myelofibrosis progression index (MPI) was calculated. Following this rationale, we were able to demonstrate that, in comparison to the BU-group, speed of progression of bone marrow fibrosis was significantly increased in CML patients treated with IFN. Preliminary statistical analysis indicated a relationship between myelofibrosis on admission, which was always associated with increased growth of megakaryocytes, and the MPI with survival. Even when these parameters were regarded, prognosis was significantly more favorable in the IFN-treated patients. The failure of IFN and BU to inhibit the evolution of myelofibrosis may be related to several conversely acting pathomechanisms. Among others, the inability of both therapeutic agents to reduce the number of megakaryocytes more effectively should be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682031
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of interferon versus busulfan therapy on the reticulin stain-measured fibrosis in CML — A comparative morphometric study on sequential trephine biopsies (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 70 (1995), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: CML ; Myelofibrosis ; Dynamics ; Megakaryocytes ; Morphometry ; Interferon ; Busulfan ; Sequential bone marrow biopsies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate treatment-related changes of the reticulin stain-measured fibrosis in Ph1+-CML, a clinicopathological study was performed on sequential trephine biopsies of the bone marrow following either interferon (IFN) or busulfan (BU) monotherapy. Using the monoclonal antibody CD61 for the identification of megakaryopoiesis and Gomori's silver impregnation method, number of megakaryocytes and density of argyrophilic (reticulin and collagen) fibers were determined by morphometry. We studied specimens from 26 patients with IFN-alpha 2b (including nine patients with additional IFN gamma) therapy and from 23 patients who had received BU. In both groups, repeated bone marrow biopsies (total 125) revealed a significant increase in the fiber content, as well as in the number of megakaryocytes during treatment. To assess the dynamics of myelofibrosis more precisely, computation of differences in the degree of fiber density between the first and last examination was carried out. Regarding the considerable variations in the biopsy intervals, a so-called myelofibrosis progression index (MPI) was calculated. Following this rationale, we were able to demonstrate that, in comparison to the BU-group, speed of progression of bone marrow fibrosis was significantly increased in CML patients treated with IFN. Preliminary statistical analysis indicated a relationship between myelofibrosis on admission, which was always associated with increased growth of megakaryocytes, and the MPI with survival. Even when these parameters were regarded, prognosis was significantly more favorable in the IFN-treated patients. The failure of IFN and BU to inhibit the evolution of myelofibrosis may be related to several conversely acting pathomechanisms. Among others, the inability of both therapeutic agents to reduce the number of megakaryocytes more effectively should be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum zentralen chemosensiblen Mechanismus der Atmung (1972)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 332 (1972), S. 146-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Control of Respiration ; Central Chemoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cats lightly anesthetized with chloralose-urethane, vagal and carotid nerves dissected, the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata was perfused with mock CSF solutions. The pH of the fluids was varied by altering either the bicarbonate concentration or the CO2 pressure. During each period of perfusion steady stateP A CO2 response curves of respiration were recorded. Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and ventilation were plotted against a) the alveolar CO2 pressure, b) the pH of the perfusion fluids (pHCSF), and c) the pH in the extracellular space of the medulla (pHe). pHe was calculated from the acid base parameters of the blood and the mock CSF by means of a mathematical model described by Berndt, Berger and Mückenhoff (1972). Under the conditions specified above respiration was neither a unique function ofP A CO2 nor of pHCSF. In a single experiment, severalP A CO2 response curves could be recorded, the number and position of which depended upon the number and the composition of the fluids simultaneously applied to the medullary surface. Similarly, pHCSF response curves could be constructed, the position and course of which was determined by theP A CO2. On the other hand, respiration could be shown to be an almost unique function of the medullary extracellular pH—irrespective of whether pHe was changed by alteringP A CO2 or pHCSF—ifV T or  were platted against the pHe values located at a depth of 200–400 μm below the ventral medullary surface. A worse correlation was obtained between respiration and pHe at smaller or greater depth. It is concluded that the effects on respiration of changes in the CO2 pressure of the blood or in the bicarbonate concentration and the CO2 pressure of the CSF can be explained by their influence on the extracellular hydrogen ion concentration in the medulla. The chemosensitive structures responding to the hydrogen ion concentration have to be assumed at a location less than 1 mm below the ventral medullary surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589090
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum zentralen chemosensiblen Mechanismus der Atmung (1972)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 332 (1972), S. 184-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Control of Respiration ; Central Chemoreceptors ; Decerebration ; Anesthesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventilatory response to changes in the extracellular pH in the medullary tissue (pH e ) was studied in decerebrate cats and in cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane. pH e was varied by changing theP ACO2 and by perfusion of the ventral medullary surface with solutions of different bicarbonate concentrations. For comparison,P ACO2 response curves of respiration were recorded in the decerebrate animals without simultaneous perfusion. 1. TheP ACO2 response curves ofV T obtained during perfusion of the ventral medullary surface with mock CSF show a smaller slope than the control curves recorded without perfusion. 2. The frequency response to changes inP ACO2 resembles the response obtained under control conditions only during alkaline perfusion (pH 7.6–7.8). More acid perfusates cause a decrease of frequency, which is probably due to their effect on calcium ionization. 3. During perfusion, ventilation does not reach the maximal values observed under control conditions. This is mainly caused by the diminished frequency response. 4. A similar behaviour ofV T ,f andV is observed in anethetized cats. However,f andV, less obviouslyV T , are distinctly diminished as compared with the decerebrate animals. 5. The pH e -response ofV T is not diminished during anesthesia, which is attributed to a local wash-out ot the narcotics by the perfusion. Frequency response and ventilatory response, however, are reduced as compared with decrerebrate cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587446
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum zentralen chemosensiblen Mechanismus der Atmung (1972)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 332 (1972), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Control of Respiration ; Central Chemoreceptors ; Vagus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cats lightly anesthetized with chloralose-urethane, the respiratory response to changes in the medullary extracellular pH (pH e ) was studied before and after cervical vagotomy. pH e was varied by perfusion of the ventral medullary surface with mock CSF of different pH (pHCSF) and by changes inP ACO2; it was calculated from the acid-base parameters of the blood and the mock CSF by means of a mathematical model described by Berndt, Berger, and Mückenhoff (1972). Results. 1. The hydrogen ion concentration in the CSF does not influence respiration at pHCSF values below 6.5. 2. An increase of ventilation as a response to increasing extracellular hydrogen ion concentration is only obtained in a pH e range of about 0.2 pH units, which under the conditions of the present experiments lay between pH e 7.1 and 7.3, due to the methods of calculation employed. pH e -values below 7.1 usually caused a decrease in ventilation. 3. Vagotomy influences the response of the tidal volume and the respiratory frequency to changes in pH e : the tidal volume is increased after vagotomy and the slope of the pH e -response curve ofV T is steeper, while the frequency decreases and further diminishes with decreasing pH e . The average response of ventilation, however, is not significantly altered after vagotomy. This confirms the hypothesis that in the case of the central chemical control of respiration the vagal activity is responsible for the partition of the total response to chemical stimuli into partial responses ofV T andf rather than for the magnitude of the total ventilatory response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587445
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substituierte 3,4-Diamino-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 328 (1986), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted 3,4-Diamino-thieno[2,3-b]pyrroles
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19863280325
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Einwirkung schwefliger Säure auf Isonitrosoverbindungen (1891)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 44 (1891), S. 513-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18910440145
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flüssigkristalle mit aliphatischen Gruppen zwischen Cyclohexanringen - Synthesen von 1,4-Bis-(4-n-alkylcyclohexyl)butanen und 4-[4-4(4-n-Alkylcyclohexyl)butyl]cyclohexylestern (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 334 (1992), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid Crystals with Aliphatic Groups between Cyclohexane Rings - Synthesis of 1,4-Bis(4-n-alkylcyclohexyl)butanes and Esters of 4-[4-(4-n-Alkylcyclohexyl)-butyl]cyclohexanolsThe synthesis of 1,4-bis-(4-n-alkylcyclohexyl) butanes (1), esters of 4-[-(4-n-alkylcyclohexyl)butyl]cyclohexanols (2) and some analogous aromatic compounds are described. The thermal stability of mesophases of these compounds are in the order of the analogous ethylene-bridged liquid crystals. The reason for this result seems to be the combination of molecular rigidity and conformational flexibility.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19923340713
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemie und Photophysik von 3-(2-Isoxazolinyl)-phenylketonenHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Schmitz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 330 (1988), S. 735-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry and Photophysics of 3-(2-Isoxazolinyl)-phenylketones3-Benzoyl-Δ2-1,2-oxazolines (1-6) are formed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between benzoylnitril-N-oxide (8) and dihydrofurane 9 or 1,3-dioxep-5-enes (10a-c). The preparative yields are small due to the competitive dimerization of the dipole 8. Two stereoisomers are obtained by using 2-substituted 1,3-dioxep-5-enes as dipolarophiles. The different steric position of the substituents in 3-6 gives rise to different spectral data. The synthesized ketones possess triplet states with a high degree of charge transfer character. Therefore, the ability to H-abstraction reaction from alcohols is small. For ketone 2 and methanol as H-donor a rate constant of kHMeOH = 4,1 · 102 M-1s-1 is determined. Also by electron transfer reactions with triethylamine and some onium compounds the reactivity of the T1 of the ketones 1-6 is less compared to those of nπ* excited ketones. The photolysis of the ketones takes place very unselectively and leads to a product mixture. The quantum yields for the decay of the ketones are 10-2 to 10-3.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19883300508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    II. Ueber Naphtazarin (1895)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 286 (1895), S. 27-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18952860103
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