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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 331-333 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Glioma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MRI-autopsy correlation in a case of gliomatosis cerebri suggests that poor gray-white matter demarcation on MRI may be sign of neoplastic infiltration. The extent of infiltration is imperfectly assessed by current imaging modalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Transplantation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FK-506 ; Rabbit antithymocyte globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a white matter inflammatory disease which usually follows a viral infection or pharmaceutical intervention. We describe a case of presumed ADEM in a heart/lung transplant patient, the etiology of which cannot be elucidated. The fascinating aspect is the mode of clinical presentation and the rapid resolution of radiologic abnormalities. Histologic examination of the brain is provided in an attempt to elucidate the radiographic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Clivus ; MR evaluation ; Contrast enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Infants and children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the signal and enhancement characteristics of the central skull base prospectively in 40 children aged 13 days to 8 years, on a 1.5 T MRI system. Identical standard short TR/TE spin echo sequences in the sagittal plane were performed before and after intravenous gadolinium-DTPA. The sequences used for comparison were filmed at identical window and level settings. Three independent observers assessed (1) the intensity of contrast enhancement of the basisphenoid, basiocciput and presphenoid, (2) the signal intensity of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, (3) the degree of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus and (4) the uniformity of signal intensity reflecting fatty replacement of the marrow of the basisphenoid, basiocciput and presphenoid. In 16% and 28% respectively of cases there was no enhancement of the basisphenoid and basiocciput after gadolinium administration; in 42% and 44% there was mild enhancement, and moderate or intense enhancement was observed in 42% and 28% of cases. Even when there was irregular fatty replacement, residual hemopoietic clements could enhance intensely. When skull base neoplasms are being investigated, the normal signal irregularity and enhancement of the central skull base in children must not be confused with pathologic invasion of the marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 122-125 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Gadolinium-DTPA ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neoplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We retrospectively reviewed the findings in 655 consecutive young patients who underwent contrastenhanced MR examinations (1.5T) of the head or spine. Their ages ranged from 4 months to 20 years (mean 10 years). There was a 1.7% incidence of minor adverse reactions to gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA, none of which required treatment; no serious adverse reactions were encountered. Based on the radiologic diagnosis the patients were divided into three groups: (1) normal, (2) CNS neoplasm, (3) abnormal but not neoplasm. There were 178 patients thought to have CNS neoplasms and of these 156 (88%) enhanced. Of 124 histologically confirmed neoplasms 115 (93%) showed enhancement after Gd-DTPA. Eight children had histologically confirmed spinal neoplasms; 5 of 6 neurofibromas and 2 ependymomas enhanced. In the 216 patients with abnormalities thought not to be neoplastic, the enhancement rate was 11%; most of the enhancing lesions were vascular malformations. There were very few examples of inflammatory disease, acute trauma or stroke among our patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebral Cortex ; Carbon Dioxide ; Oxygen ; Electrophysiology ; Großhirnrinde ; Kohlensäure ; Sauerstoff ; Elektrophysiologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An isolierten Hundeköpfen wurde die Gleichspannung zwischen der Konvexität des Gehirns (Gyrus lateralis) und der Nase (Knochenoberfläche des os frontale) bei Änderung des arteriellen pO2 oder pCO2 gemessen. Erniedrigung des pO2 oder pCO2 führt zu einer Negativierung, Erhöhung des pCO2 zu einer Positivierung. Erhöhung des pO2 ändert die Gleichspannung nicht.
    Notes: Summary In isolated dog head preparations the d.c. potential of the convexity of the brain (gyrus lateralis) with respect to the surface of os frontale was measured while the arterial pO2 or pCO2 were changed. Lowering of arterial pO2 or pCO2 resulted in a negative, increasing of pCO2 in a positive shift. No change of the cortical d.c. potential was found on increasing pO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebral Cortex ; Cerebral Ischemia, Transient ; Electrophysiology ; Großhirnrinde ; Gehirnischämie ; Elektrophysiologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die corticale Gleichspannung wurde an isolierten Hundeköpfen von der Konvexität des Gehirns (Gyrus lateralis) gegen Nase (Knochenoberfläche des os frontale) bei kompletter und inkompletter Gehirnischämie gemessen. Während kompletter Gehirnischämie verschiebt sich die Gleichspannung nach einer initialen Positivierung, die 1,5–2,75 min nach Ischämiebeginn ein Maximum von 1,5–2 mV erreicht, in negativer Richtung. Diese Negativierung erreicht 3–8 min nach Ischämiebeginn einen steady state von im Mittel 6,5 mV. Nach Ende der kompletten Gehirnischämie kommt es nach einer kurzfristigen Positivierung zu einer länger dauernden Negativierung. Bei inkompletter Gehirnischämie kommt es zu einer Negativierung der Gleichspannung, wenn der Blutdruck auf 80–40 mm Hg abgefallen ist. Es wird vermutet, daß die Negativierung bei der für das Gehirn kritischen Blutdruckhöhe beginnt.
    Notes: Summary In isolated dog head preparations the d.c. potential of the convexity of the brain (gyrus lateralis) with respect to the surface of os frontale was measured in complete and incomplete ischemia of the brain. During complete ischemia an initial positivity, reaching a maximum of 1.5 to 2 mV after 1.5 to 2.75 min, is followed by a negative shift. The negativity reaches a steady state of 6.5 mV on an average 3 to 8 min after onset of the ischemia. After termination of a complete ischemia a transitory positivity is followed by a longer lasting negativity. In incomplete ischemia the d.c. potential turns negative, when the blood pressure has decreased to 80 to 40 mm Hg. It is assumed that the negative shift begins at the critical blood pressure of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Anoxie ; Cerebral Cortex ; Electrophysiologie ; Anoxie ; Großhirnrinde ; Elektrophysiologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gleichspannung zwischen der Konvexität des Gehirns (gyrus lateralis) und der Nase (Knochenoberfläche des os frontale) wurde an isolierten Hundeköpfen gemessen. Nach Überschreiten der Wiederbelebungszeit der cerebralen Gesamtfunktion kann die Gleichspannung wider ihren Ausgangswert erreichen. Die Reaktionsweise der Gleichspannung auf einen weiteren O2-Mangel oder auf eine Änderung der arteriellen Gasdrucke ist auch nach Überschreiten der Wiederbelebungszeit noch erhalten. Aus der Gleichspannung können keine Schlüsse auf eine noch mögliche Wiederbelebung gezogen werden.
    Notes: Summary The d.c. potential of the convexity of the brain (gyrus lateralis) with respect to the surface of os frontale was measured in isolated dog head preparations. The d.c. potential always normalizes after ischemia of the head not exceeding the revival time of the brain as a whole, it also may return to the control level following ischemic periods exceeding the cerebral revival time. Also the reactions of the d.c. potential on another oxygen deficiency or on variations in the arterial pO2 and pCO2 are still present. Conclusions on the chances of cerebral revival can not be drawn from the d.c. potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebral Cortex ; Cerebral Ischemia ; Electrocorticogram ; Großhirnrinde ; Gehirnischämie ; Elektrocorticogramm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am isolierten, von einem Spendertier durchbluteten Hundekopf, dessen Gehirntemperatur konstant 37°C betrug, wurden 1 min lange komplette Ischämien gesetzt. Die Perfusionszeit zwischen den einzelnen Ischämien variierte zwischen 20 min und 1/2 min. Bei Reduzierung der Perfusionszeiten von 20 min auf 2 min fanden sich ein Anstieg der Überlebenszeit von 24,9±5,3 sec auf 33,1±5,4 sec und ein Abfall der Erholungslatenz des Elektrocorticogramms von 16,3±5,8 sec auf 11,7±5,3 sec. War der Abstand zwischen den Ischämien geringer als 2 min, wurde die Überlebenszeit kürzer, die Erholungslatenz stieg an; bei einer Perfusionszeit von 1/2 min betrug die Überlebenszeit 21,5±6,6 sec, die Erholungslatenz 22,5±9,7 sec.
    Notes: Summary Complete 1 min ischemias were performed in isolated heads of dogs perfused from a donor dog. The brain temperature was maintained at 37°C. The perfusion time between complete 1 min ischemias varied from 20 min to 0.5 min. Reduction of the perfusion times from 20 min to 2 min resulted in an increase of survival time from 24.9±5.3 sec to 33.1±5.4 sec and a decrease of latency of recovery of the electrocorticogram from 16.3±5.8 sec to 11.7±5.3 sec. Survival time was reduced and latency of recovery increased when the intervals between ischemias were shorter than 2 min; survival time was 21.5±6.6 sec and latency of recovery 22.5±9.7 sec when the perfusion time was 0.5 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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