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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Calcium binding proteins ; Global cerebral ischemia ; Immunocytochemistry ; Selective vulnerability ; Thalamic reticular nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thalamic reticular nucleus (NRT) is one of the most vulnerable structures to selective neuronal damage both in human cardiac arrest patients and in experimental rodent global cerebral ischemia models. The detailed distribution of neuronal injury within the NRT was examined following 10-min cardiac arrest in the rat with conventional Nissl staining, 45Ca autoradiography and immunocytochemistry of the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR). While Nissl staining was almost unable to show the exact boundary of the nucleus and of the lesion, immunocytochemistry of PV proved to be the most useful index of the exact location and extent of neuronal loss in the NRT after ischemia. Calcium autoradiography was a sensitive method for detecting the lesion, and showed a similar distribution to the loss of PV staining, but did not give optimal spatial resolution. Quantitative analysis of PV staining at 7 days of recirculation demonstrated cell loss restricted to the lateral aspect of the middle segment of the NRT, identical with the distribution of large fusiform neurons in the somatosensory component of the nucleus. CR-positive neurons in the NRT were completely spared, although not all surviving neurons contained CR. These studies provide the first detailed characterization of the distribution of vulnerable neurons within the NRT after experimental ischemia and suggest that immunocytochemistry of PV is a useful tool for quantitative analysis of the lesion for use in further experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of selective vulnerability of the NRT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Calcium binding proteins ; Global ; cerebral ischemia ; Immunocytochemistry ; Selective ; vulnerability ; Thalamic reticular nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thalamic reticular nucleus (NRT) is one of the most vulnerable structures to selective neuronal damage both in human cardiac arrest patients and in experimental rodent global cerebral ischemia models. The detailed distribution of neuronal injury within the NRT was examined following 10-min cardiac arrest in the rat with conventional Nissl staining, 45Ca autoradiography and immunocytochemistry of the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR). While Nissl staining was almost unable to show the exact boundary of the nucleus and of the lesion, immunocytochemistry of PV proved to be the most useful index of the exact location and extent of neuronal loss in the NRT after ischemia. Calcium autoradiography was a sensitive method for detecting the lesion, and showed a similar distribution to the loss of PV staining, but did not give optimal spatial resolution. Quantitative analysis of PV staining at 7 days of recirculation demonstrated cell loss restricted to the lateral aspect of the middle segment of the NRT, identical with the distribution of large fusiform neurons in the somatosensory component of the nucleus. CR-positive neurons in the NRT were completely spared, although not all surviving neurons contained CR. These studies provide the first detailed characterization of the distribution of vulnerable neurons within the NRT after experimental ischemia and suggest that immunocytochemistry of PV is a useful tool for quantitative analysis of the lesion for use in further experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of selective vulnerability of the NRT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-Brain Barrier ; Cerebral Ischemia ; Cerebral Infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bluthirnschranke (BHS) für Proteintracer bei focaler cerebraler Ischämie und bei Hirninfarkten infolge dauerndem oder passagem Verschluß der A. cerebri media (ACM) wurde beim Rhesusaffen untersucht. Dauernder Verschluß der ACM für 1–48 Std verursachte nur ausnahmsweise einen Austritt von i.v. injiziertem Evansblau, während vorübergehende Klemmung von 4 Std Dauer gefolgt von Wiederdurchblutung durch 2 Std häufig einen Austritt der Markierungssubstanz, vor allem in den grauen Anteilen des Versorgungsgebietes der ACM bewirkte. Drosselung der Kollateralversorgung während Verschlusses der ACM für weniger als 4 Std verursachte keinen Austritt des Tracers. Wenn der passagere Verschluß der ACM keine oder nur eine histologisch faßbare Hirngewebsnekrose verursachte, so war unabhängig von der Überlebenszeit des Tieres kein Farbstoffaustritt nachweisbar. Affen mit mittelgroßen subcorticalen Infarkten und Überlebenszeiten zwischen 3 Tagen und 3 Wochen zeigten Evansblauaustritte in 50% der Fälle, während fast alle Tiere mit großen corticalen und subcorticalen Infarkten eine abnorme Blaufärbung von Teilen der Läsionen aufwiesen. Keines der Tiere, die 23 Tage oder länger nach Verschluß der ACM untersucht wurden, zeigte Störungen der BHS. Der Austritt des Tracers während der ersultierenden Hirngewebsnekrose, doch ist die darauffolgende Restitution der BHS-Funktion unabhängig von der Größe des Infarkts.
    Notes: Summary A study was made on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to protein tracers in focal cerebral ischemia and infarction caused by permanent or temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the rhesus monkey. Permanent occlusion of the MCA for 1–48 hrs only exceptionally caused extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue, but temporary occlusion for 4 hrs followed by recirculation for 2 hrs frequently caused exudation of the tracer, particularly in the grey matter of the MCA territory. Reduction of the collateral supply during MCA occlusion of less than 4 hrs did not cause extravasation of the tracer. If the temporary MCA occlusion caused no or only microscopical brain necrosis, no extravasation of the dye could be detected, irrespective of the survival time of the animal. Monkeys with medium-sized subcortical infarcts and survival times between 3 days and 3 weeks showed exudation of evans blue in 50% of the cases, whereas almost all animals with large cortical and subcortical infarcts showed abnormal blue staining in parts of the lesions. All animals examined 23 days or later after the MCA occlusion did not show any changes of the BBB. Extravasation of the tracer during the first 3 weeks after MCA occlusion is therefore related to thesize of the resulting brain necrosis, but restitution of the BBB occurs thereafter irrespective of infarct size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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