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  • Myeloperoxidase  (4)
  • Trypsin  (2)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bactericidal activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa is acquired by cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages after uptake of myeloperoxidase (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Myeloperoxidase ; hydrogen peroxide ; monocytes-macrophages ; bactericidal activity ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme located within polymorphonuclear neutrophils capable of producting cytotoxic oxidant species that are particularly active against bacteria with polysaccharide capsules.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (106 bacteria per 1 ml) are killed within 1 h in vitro by a MPO/H2O2/Cl− system (48 mU=132 ng of MPO). The question arose as to whether human macrophages would acquire cytotoxic activity when loaded with this enzyme. Monocytes were therefore isolated from human blood and cultured for up to ten days to induce maturation to macrophages. These cells lost endogenous MPO within five days while H2O2 production in response to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (10−6M) decreased to 23% within ten days. On the other hand, their capacity to take up exogenous MPO increased fourfold from day three to day ten. Human macrophages cultured from eight days (when both H2O2 production and MPO uptake were sufficient) were therefore used to study the effects of MPO uptake on cytocidal activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. After a 1 h MPO loading period, macrophages (5×105 cells per ml) were incubated in the presence of bacteria (0.5 to 2×106 bacteria per ml) for 2 h at 37°C. At a bacteria/macrophage ratio of 1, only 34.8±7.0% of bacteria survived (compared to killing by non-loaded macrophages), while 74.4±9.3% survived at a ratio of 4. From these results, we conclude that loading macrophages with exogenous MPO could enhance their microbicidal activity, suggesting a potentially useful therapeutic application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are similar inflammatory factors involved in strenuous exercise and sepsis? (1994)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 602-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Exercise ; Leukocyte ; Inflammatory response ; Cytokine ; Endotoxin ; Myeloperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An increasing body of data suggest that strenuous exercise triggers an inflammatory response having some similarity with those occurring in sepsis. Indices of this inflammatory response to exercise (IRE) especially include leukocytosis, release of inflammatory mediators and acute phase reactants, tissue damage, priming of various white blood cell lines, production of free radicals; activation of complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades. Inflammatory responses to strenuous exercise and sepsis could in part be due to the release of endotoxin in blood as common triggering factor, but it seems that tissue damage and/or contact system activation are more important triggering mechanisms in exercising subjects. While the magnitude and duration of cellular and humoral changes associated with IRE are quite different from those observed in sepsis, recent human studies suggested that chronic and/or excessive IRE could have adverse effects. Among the possible consequences of acute and chronic IRE are delayed onset muscular soreness and loss of force, cardiovascular complications, intravascular hemolysis, hypoferraemia and increased susceptibility to infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01705731
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive trypsin in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (1984)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 10 (1984), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Trypsin ; Sepsis ; Amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the purpose of studying the role of proteinases in the development of ARDS, plasma levels of immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) and amylase were measured in 43 intensive care patients at risk of developing ARDS (22 polytrauma, seven abdominal surgery, four burns, two DIC and eight pancreatitis). Twenty four of these 43 patients developed ARDS and 31 presented abnormal IRT values (above 70 μg/L). Twenty-one of these 31 patients had ARDS; a significant correlation thus appeared between ARDS and abnormal IRT values. In nine patients, IRT values were higher than 800 μg/L and remained high for 3 to 4 days. A statistically significant correlation also appeared between abnormal IRT and septic phenomena: 20 patients with high IRT values presented septic problems. When IRT values were high, amylase values were often also abnormal: 12 of 23 patients with high IRT had abnormal amylase levels (the eight patients with documented pancreatitis were excluded); no other clinical signs or symptoms of pancreatitis were present in these patients. IRT could be one of the mediators of ARDS in septic patients. It is not clear that the pancreas is the origin of IRT in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective evaluation of thracic-duct drainage in the treatment of respiratory failure complicating severe acute pancreatitis (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 372-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Severe acute pancreatitis ; Thoracic duct ; Adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Respiratory failure ; Trypsin ; Myeloperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thoracic duct drainage (TDD) may be of value for removing toxic substances released by the inflamed pancreas and which are responsible for lung damage. We have prospectively assessed the efficacy of TDD in improving pulmonary gas exchange in 12 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by persistent respiratory failure despite standard conservative treatment including peritoneal dialysis in 8 patients. In group A were 6 patients (mean Ranson score=7.3) with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in group B were 6 hypoxemic patients (mean Ranson score=6.6) judged to be at risk of developing ARDS. The duration of TDD ranged from 3 to 10 days and the total amount of drained lymph (L) varied from 770 to 15 600 ml. Immunoreactive trypsin levels were significantly higher in L when compared to blood in both groups. Leukocyte myeloperoxidases in L (normal value 〈 than 332±82 ng/ml in plasma) were increased in 5 of 5 group A patients (830±317 ng/ml) and in 3 of 6 patients in group B (671±467 ng/ml). After TDD pulmonary gas exchange as measured by median PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) improved from 148±60 to 285±42 in group A and from 192±37 to 330±42 in group B (p〈0.05). All patients were weaned after ventilation for a mean of 8 days in group A and 4 days in group B. All patients survived apart from 1 group B patient who died of sepsis on day 34. These data suggest that TDD, by allowing removal of potential mediators of lung injury is of major therapeutic value in ARDS complicating SAP. This approach may also prevent further respiratory impairment in susceptible patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261496
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis without genital lesions: An immunoblot study (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Viral meningitis ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Herpes simplex virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two sexually active female patients presented with acute meningitis. The CSF abnormalities were severe and persistent. In spite of the absence of genital lesions, serological studies revealed a primary infection by herpes simplex virus type 2. An immunoblot study revealed intrathecal synthesis of anti-herpes antibodies early in the course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314743
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endotoxaemia, production of tumour necrosis factor α and polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation following strenuous exercise in humans (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1998), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Exercise ; Endotoxin ; Anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies ; Tumour necrosis factor α ; Myeloperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine whether endotoxaemia accompanying long-term, strenuous physical exercise is involved in exercise-induced increase in plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentration and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation, 14 male recreational athletes [mean age 28 (SEM 1) years] were studied. Exercise consisted of a 1.5-km river swim, a 40-km bicycle race, and a 10-km road race. Mean time to complete the race was 149.8 (SEM 4.8) min. The plasma concentrations of granulocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TNF-α were significantly higher than baseline values immediately and 1 h after exercise (P 〈 0.001). Both variables returned to pre-race levels the day after exercise. Marked, transient decreases in plasma concentrations of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies directed against a panel of selected smooth gram-negative LPS were observed after the race, reaching in most cases minimal values in the blood sample drawn immediately following the completion of the triathlon. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of PMN activation, as assessed by the increase in plasma concentrations of MPO, and the humoral markers of endotoxaemia and TNF-α. An inverse, highly significant relationship between the increase in plasma TNF-α concentrations and the changes in circulating anti-LPS IgM antibodies concentrations was observed (r = −0.7; P 〈 0.01). These findings suggest that exercise-induced endotoxaemia was involved in the release of TNF-α, that the magnitude of the TNF-α response to exercise was down-regulated by anti-LPS antibodies of the IgM class, and that the production of TNF-α and endotoxaemia did not seem to play a role in the activation of circulating PMN in the exercising subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050474
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