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  • Chemical Engineering  (1)
  • Toronto-KK mouse  (1)
  • gluconeogenic enzymes  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Toronto-KK mouse ; diabetes in animals ; gluconeogenesis ; insulin synthesis and secretion ; islets of Langerhans ; obesity ; gluconeogenic enzymes ; glycolytic enzymes ; B-cell degranulation ; islet RNA synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activities of six hepatic enzymes were assayed in six-month old Toronto-KK and C57BL/6J mice. Activities of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase) were significantly elevated in Toronto-KK mice while activities of glycolytic enzymes (glucokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase) remained normal. Isolated islets of Langerhans obtained from Toronto-KK mice demonstrated significantly elevated levels of insulin secretion and of insulin and RNA biosynthesis in response to glucose stimulation. Islets of Toronto-KK mice were markedly hyperplastic and showed pronounced B-cell degranulation after stimulation with glucose. The data suggest that hyperglycemia appears to result, in part, from excessive gluconeogenesis. Hyperinsulinemia appears to result from excessive insulin synthesis and release from the pancreatic islets in response to glucose stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is now well confirmed that the influence of temperature on the fall-off behavior of dissociation, recombination and chemically-activated reactions can be dramatic. For single-well, single-product dissociation reactions, it is customary to approximate these fall-off surfaces using extensions of Lindemann's empirical expression. We consider here chemical-activation and dissociation reactions possessing multiple wells and multiple products. We show that direct approximation of the rate coefficients via Chebyshev expansions yields reliable and accurate representations of their pressure and temperature dependences, which are superior to those from a Lidemann approach to fit the form factor representing the fall-off surface. The superiority of the method is demonstrated in a study of seven channels corresponding to four different reactions important in combustion chemistry over the ranges 300-3,000 K and 0.02-200 atm.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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