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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life of Danish women: Population-based norms for the EORTC QLQ-C30 (1997)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 6 (1997), S. 0-0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: EORTC-QLQ-C30 ; breast cancer ; gynaecological cancer ; norms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to derive population-based norms for women completing the EORTC QLQ-C30 version 1 which is designed for use with patients who have cancer. The study was conducted using two different questionnaires: one designed for use in female patients with breast cancer, the other for those with gynaecological cancers, but both including the EORTC QLQ-C30. The women were drawn from the Danish Central Population Register without knowledge of their health status and divided at random between the two questionnaires. All procedures for collecting data were identical. The response rate for those receiving the gynaecological cancer (GS) questionnaire was 49% and it was 71% for the breast cancer (BS) questionnaire. Detailed comparison between the two samples revealed several EORTC QLQ-C30 items showing a clear difference in distribution of scores between them. Because of this and the possible bias due to the relative low age-related response rate in GS, only the results from the BS are used for constructing norms. The norms cover all 30 single items on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the nine derived scales, for women in four 10-year age groups commencing at 30 years and for those aged 70-75. Clear trends in, for example, declining ability to undertake strenuous activity are illustrated and quantified. Levels of certain symptoms, such as pain, are surprisingly high although it is recognized that the population sampled will contain a proportion of women with active disease including cancer. We recommend the use of these norms both as an aid to the clinical assessment of an individual patient, and to assist in the interpretation of clinical trial and longitudinal quality of life data. As a secondary result, we note that a population-based sample will have a lower response rate to a questionnaire with more questions, especially if many of these extra questions are on sexual issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026461310761
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal kinetic studies using a thermomechanical analyzer II. Rates of penetration of a polymer by a spherical indenterPart I Begins on page 300 of this issue. (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of a commercially available thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) operated in its isothermal mode is illustrated for studies of penetration of a hemispherically-tipped probe into a material sample. Two amorphous copolymers were studied at various temperatures above their softening points. Kinetics of penetration are compared with tensile creep measurements for these viscoelastic materials. A simple semi-empirical relationship between creep and penetration at small strains is applied and found to yield approximate although not exact agreement with experiment. It is thus possible that for homogeneous materials of this type creep data might be easily predicted with a fair degree of accuracy from penetration data and vice versa. Experimental problems involved in the TMA penetration technique are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal kinetic studies using a thermomechanical analyzer I. Rates of polymer swelling and dissolutionPart II of this series starts on page 305 of this issue. (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 300-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of a commercially available thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) operated in its isothermal mode is illustrated for studies of polymer-swelling and dissolution in liquids. Results for a variety of polymer-swelling agent systems demonstrate that information usually requiring more sophisticated experimental techniques can be readily obtained with the TMA. In particular rates of swelling and penetrant diffusion coefficients can be determined for selected systems. Dissolution measurements, exemplified here for polystyrene in three different solvents, can be utilized to obtain steady state rates of solvent penetration and rough estimates of the interdiffusion coefficient for a system. The experimental limitations involved in both types of measurement are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100508
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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