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  • 1
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Knorpelmatrixstruktur ; Enzyme ; Knorpelmarker ; Aggrecan-Fragmente ; Keratansulfat ; Chondroitinsulfat ; Hyaluronsäure ; Prokollagen ; crosslinks ; COMP ; Key words ; Extracellular cartilage matrix ; enzymes ; cartilage markers ; aggrecan ; hyaluronan ; keratan sulphat ; chondroitin sulphate ; procollagen ; crosslinks ; COMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The human cartilage and bone is characterized by a remodeling during the life, well balanced by neosynthesis and degradation of matrix components. In different joint diseases, it becomes imbalanced and the destruction of the cartilage supersedes the repair. In tissue processes in disease and in normal turnover of the matrix, these molecules are fragmented and released into surrounding fluids, in the synovial fluid, and then in the blood and the urin, where they can be detected. The quantitative measurement in the synovial fluid is more specific than in the other body fluids.  The research process in recent years has suggested that these molecular markers of cartilage and bone matrix metabolism can be used to determine diagnosis, the disease severity rather than its presence or absence, the prognosis, and the response to therapy. They should help to identify the disease mechanism in different joint diseases not only on the tissue but also on the molecular level. The specific cartilage matrix markers promise to become useful tools in the future in clinical use. The research in this area is still in the early stages, with most results dated from the end of the 1980s and the 1990s.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während des Lebens unterziehen sich Knorpel und Knochen in Anpassung an sich verändernde Belastungsbedingungen einem „Remodelling“, welches normalerweise ein physiologisches Gleichgewicht zwischen Abbau und Neusynthese von Matrixkomponenten darstellt. Bei differenten Gelenkerkrankungen ist dieses Gleichgewicht zugunsten der Destruktion verschoben. Beim normalen „turnover“ und gesteigert unter pathologischen Gelenkverhältnissen können intakte und framentierte Matrixbestandteile in die Synovialflüssigkeit, in das Blut und den Urin austreten und dort nachgewiesen werden. Eine Messung von Markern in der Synovia hat eine höhere Gelenkspezifität, während Serum-, Plasma- oder Urinmessungen eher den systemischen Stoffwechsel reflektieren. Der Forschungsprozeß der letzten Jahre hat die Hoffnung bestärkt, eventuell durch kombinierte Messungen mehrerer biochemischer Marker der Synthese und Destruktion des Knorpels und Knochens einen frühen diagnostischen Zugang, eine vermehrte prognostische Aussagefähigkeit und eine Hilfe in der Therapiekontrolle zu erhalten. Durch diese Markerstudien kann ein Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Knorpelmetabolismus und des Krankheitsmechanismus auf dem Gewebs- und Zellniveau geleistet werden. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit einer intensiven Forschung auf dem Gebiet der biochemischen Markersuche zur Nutzung im Bereich der Frühdiagnostik, der Verlaufsbeurteilung, der Kontrolle der Entzündungsaktivität sowie der Therapie- und Rehabilitationseffizienz bei degenerativen, traumatischen und entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen, woran weltweit gearbeitet wird. Mit der Anwendung von biochemischen Markern würde besonders die klinische Prüfung verschiedener Therapieformen auf eine solidere Basis gestellt.  Die gewebsspezifischen Marker des Knorpelmetabolismus versprechen in Zukunft nützliche Werkzeuge in der klinischen Anwendung zu werden, mit weiteren Möglichkeiten für interessante Studien. Da die hauptsächlichen Publikationen zu diesem Themenkreis in das Ende der achtziger und in die neunziger Jahre datieren, kann behauptet werden, daß die Forschung noch am Beginn steht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 333 (1991), S. 407-412 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2-Amino-Substituted 4,5-Dihydro-1,3-thiazoles.The reaction of 2-substituted 4-methallylthiosemicarbazides 1 with carbonyl compounds catalyzed by weak acids gives thiosemicarbazones 2 and 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thiones 3. By contrast under strong acidic conditions the reaction occurs by electrophilic cyclisation with participation of the methallyl and thiono groups, and 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazoles 5 are formed after neutralisation. The electrophilic cyclisation of N-methallyl substituted thioureas 6 and 1,4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides 7 is also described.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New Synthesis of 6H-1,3-ThiazinesA new method for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazines is described. The addition of nucleophiles to γ-isothiocyanatoallylchlorides (1a-j) leads to functionalisation and subsequent cyclisation (nucleophilic cyclofunctionalisation). Reaction of secondary amines or alcohols under catalysis by tert. amines gives numerous 2-dialkylamino- (3a-w) or 2-alkoxy-6H-1,3-thiazines (4a-p).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 433-442 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Characterization of Polychlorinated IsobutenesThe preparation of polychlorinated methallylic chlorides by continuous chlorination of isobutene with different ratios of chlorine and following HCl-elimination is described. The structure is proved by reaction of the polychlorinated isobutenes with sodium thiolacetate and potassium thiocyanate and by spectroscopic methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 10-26 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chelate Formation with 1,3-Diamino-2-methylene Propane11,3-Diamino-2-methylene propane and its N, N′ alkylated derivatives form crystalline chelates with CoII (1:3), NiII (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3), PdII (1:1, 1:2), RhIII (1:1) and CuII (1:2). Experiments for preparation of olefin complexes were unsuccessful.By potentiometric measurements the base strengths of the ligands as well as the stability constants of the CoII, NiII, PdII, CuII, ZnII, CdII chelates were evaluated and the kinetics of the formation of the 1:1 PdII complex is investigated.The magnetic behaviour of the CoII-, PdII- and CuII- chelates is normal, whereas[Ni(dia)2(H2O)2] (ClO4)2 shows anormal behaviour due to configurational isomerism between square planar and octahedral ligand geometry in solid state in type of a LIFSCHITZ-isomerism.The ESR-spectra of the CuII-compounds are discussed and the bonding parameters of the Cu—N-bonds were calculated.
    Notes: 1,3-Diamino-2-methylenpropan, CH2 = C(CH2NH2)2, und seine N,N′-alkylierten Derivate bilden mit CoII (1:3), NiII (1:1, 1:2 und 1:3), PdII (1:1 und 1:2), RhIII (1:1) und CuII (1:2) kristalline Chelate. Versuche zur Isolierung von Olefinkomplexen blieben dagegen erfolglos.Die pH-potentiometrisch bestimmten Basenstärken der Liganden sowie die Stabilitätskonstanten der CoII-, NiII-, PdII-, CuII-, ZnII-, CdII-Chelate des 1,3-Diamino-2-methylenpropans werden angegeben; die Kinetik der Bildung des 1:1 Pd-Chelates wird untersucht.Das magnetische Verhalten der CoII-, PdII- und CuII- Chelate ist normal, während [Ni(dia)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 im kristallinen Zustand Konfigurationsisomerie zwischen quadratisch planarer und oktaedrischer Anordnung im Sinne einer LIFSCHITZ-Isomerisierung aufweist.Die ESR-Spektren der CuII-Verbindungen werden diskutiert und die Bindungsparameter der Cu—N-Bindung berechnet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 537-543 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactions of β-Campholene CompoundsIn contrast to the well known α-campholenic (B) and fencholenic compounds (C) little is known about β-campholenic derivatives (A) because of their difficult accessibilitiy. β-Campholenic compounds (A) can be obtained: (1) by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of camphor via lactone 7 and β-dihydrocampholenic lactone (5); (2) by Beckmann fragmentation of camphor oxime via α-(2) and β-campholenic nitril (3) and the lactone 5; and (3) by acid catalysed rearrangement of α-campholenic derivatives (B, 17a, b). The β-analogous brahmanol (14) can be synthesized by the reaction of the β-campholenic bromide (11) with methyl diethyl malonate or by rearrangement of brahmanol.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 445-448 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of „Ethyl-Brahmanol“The synthesis of the title compound (11) from ethylapopinene (5) by oxydation to the epoxide (6), rearrangement to “ethyl-α-campholene aldehyde” (7) and its aldol condensation is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 687-693 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Methylated Fencholenic and α-Campholenic Aldehyde - Synthesis and ReactionsThe syntheses of α-methylated fencholenic (6a) and α-campholenic aldehyde (6b) via the corresponding azomethines (5) are reported. Aldol condensations of 6a, b with following reductions give the allylic alcohols (12-16) and hydrogenation the saturated alcohols (17-21) with strong woody odors, some of the allylic alcohols resembling that of sandal wood. Simple reduction or oxidation of 6a, b give the alcohols (24, 27), ethers (26), esters (23, 25, 28) and ketones (29) which have interesting woody odors with spicy, earthy and herbaceous notes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 363-367 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, Structure and Reactions of Epoxyfencholene AldehydeFencholene aldehyde (2), a by-product of the synthesis of α-campholene aldehyde (1), can be obtained as main product by fenchane rearrangement of pinocarveol. Epoxidation of the protected fencholene aldehyde (3) gives the trans-epoxy-aldehyde (4) which rearranges with Lewis acids to ketone (5) and allylic alcohol (6).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 334 (1992), S. 60-66 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Regioselectivity of the Reaction of Methallyl Isothiocyanate with Monosubstituted HydrazinesMethallyl isothiocyanate 1 reacts with substituted aryl hydrazines to 1,4- respectively 2,4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides 4 and 5 in dependence on the reaction conditions and the nature of the aryl group. The influence of the substituents is discussed. The novel N′-mono- and disubstituted N-methallylic thioureas 2 and 3 are synthesized.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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