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  • Chemistry  (2)
  • Conditioned place preference  (2)
  • Global optimization  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of haloperidol on amphetamine-and methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preferences and locomotor activity (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: d-Amphetamine ; Methylphenidate ; Haloperidol ; Conditioned place preference ; Dopamine ; Reward
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Place preferences induced by the indirect dopamine (DA) receptor agonists amphetamine (AMP) and methylphenidate (MPD) were investigated using an unbiased compartment procedure. In this procedure, prior to drug conditioning, rats did not exhibit preferences for either of the two compartments in a shuttle box. Both stimulants produced place preferences. Repeated testing of the MPD conditioned animals revealed an extinction-like decrease in preferences, suggesting that place preferences produced by MPD result from conditioning of MPD's reinforcing properties to environmental cues. During conditioning, the DA receptor antagonist haloperidol was administered prior to drug (S+) treatments, or prior to both drug and vehicle (S−) treatments. Haloperidol pretreatment blocked place preferences induced by AMP but not by MPD. In contrast, haloperidol blocked locomotor activity stimulated by either AMP or MPD. These results suggest that the reinforcing properties of MPD and AMP may be mediated by different mechanisms, while the locomotor stimulant effects of the two drugs have common neural substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181251
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independence of amphetamine reward from locomotor stimulation demonstrated by conditioned place preference (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Conditioned place preference ; Amphetamine ; Reward ; Novelty ; Locomotion ; Restraint
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is used widely as a measure of a drug's rewarding properties. The present study examined whether the CPP produced by amphetamine is dependent on the locomotor stimulation that is produced by the drug. An earlier study (Swerdlow and Koob 1984) found that interfering with loomotor stimulation using restraint during the drug treatment blocked CPP. The present study examined whether this effect of restraint was indeed due to restriction of locomotion or was due to restraint maintaining the stimulus novelty of the CPP apparatus. The first experiment showed that novelty of the apparatus itself was a potent factor in the CPP paradigm and was capable of producing a place preference. The second experiment showed that restraint alone could produce a CPP, as would be expected if it maintained stimulus novelty of the apparatus. It also showed that although a CPP to amphetamine could be blocked by restraining the animals during drug treatment, prior habituation to the apparatus to reduce stimulus novelty before treatment negated the effect of restraint on amphetamine CPP. These results indicate that rats can demonstrate a CPP produced by amphetamine even when their activity is restrained. This suggests that the drug's rewarding properties are not dependent on locomotor stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176849
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global optimization of fractional programs (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of global optimization 1 (1991), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Global optimization ; fractional programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Dinkelbach's global optimization approach for finding the global maximum of the fractional programming problem is discussed. Based on this idea, a modified algorithm is presented which provides both upper and lower bounds at each iteration. The convergence of the lower and upper bounds to the global maximum function value is shown to be superlinear. In addition, the special case of fractional programming when the ratio involves only linear or quadratic terms is considered. In this case, the algorithm is guaranteed to find the global maximum to within any specified tolerance, regardless of the definiteness of the quadratic form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00119990
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational comparison of two methods for constrained global optimization (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 325-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Global optimization ; stochastic methods ; deterministic methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For constrained concave global minimization problems, two very different solution techniques have been investigated. The first such method is a stochastic mulitstart approach which typically finds, with high probability, all local minima for the problem. The second method is deterministic and guarantees a global minimum solution to within any user specified tolerance. It is the purpose of this paper to make a careful comparison of these two methods on a range of test problems using separable concave objectives over compact polyhedral sets, and to investigate in this way the advantages and disadvantages of each method. A direct computational comparison, on the same set of over 140 problems, is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01096682
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further applications for capillary gas chromatography in routine quantitative toxicological analyses (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 754-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Forensic ; Toxicology ; Drug analysis ; Biological fluids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of capillary column gas chromatography for drug screening in forensic toxicology has become increasingly widespread. Screening procedures however are often lengthy and unsuitable for rapid confirmatory or quantitative applications. In order to develop a practical scheme for confirmatory/quantitative analysis, we have optimized a series of temperature profiles to allow the rapid quantitative determination of a wide range of acid/neutral and basic drugs in extracts from post mortem fluids and tissue. The appropriate profile is selected based on the retention index on a standard crosslinked methyl silicone column used to screen extracts. The use of a 5% phenyl methyl silicone phase allows complementary identification, and allows the separation of some pairs of compounds with identical retention indices in the screning procedure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240131106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast-Atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the organometallic parasiticide, meglumine antimonate (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The mass spectrometry of an organometallic parasiticide used for treatment of leishmaniasis was studied using primarily fast-atom bombardment with complementary studies conducted using electrospray ionization. The positive-ion mass spectrum of meglumine antimonate contained ions with characteristic antimony isotope ratios (57:43) at m/z 627/629, 507/509, 406/408 and 314/316. There was also evidence of ion clusters containing antimony atoms (Sb1-3), which decompose to the mass 507/509 species under acid pH conditions. For meglumine antimonate, an empirical formula C14H30O10N2Sb (molecular weight 507) is proposed with a structure containing four Sb—O bonds in a symmetrical geometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090503
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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