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  • Chemistry  (2)
  • N-ethylmaleimide  (1)
  • capsaicin-sensitive afferent sensory nerve fibers  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragastric nicotine protects against 40% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury despite pretreatment with propranolol orN-ethylmaleimide in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 37 (1992), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: nicotine ; ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury ; propranolol ; N-ethylmaleimide ; β-adrenoceptors ; sulfhydryl compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We tested the hypotheses that the protective effect of intragastric nicotine against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury is dependent on propranolol- orN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive mechanisms. Propranolol was administered in doses (2 and 20 mg/kg) that provided dose-related blockade of β-adrenoceptors (significant decreases in heart rate).N-Ethylmaleimide was administered in doses that previously had been shown to increase gastric vascular permeability (10 mg/kg) or inhibit gastric mucosal sulfhydryl compounds (50 mg/kg). At 0.5 hr after these or control subcutaneous pretreatments, the rats received intragastric nicotine (4 mg/kg) or vehicle. One hour later 40% ethanol was given intragastrically. The gastric corpus mucosal lesions were recorded by polaroid photographs after another hour, and their areas measured unbiasedly by computerized image analysis. The results showed thatN-ethylmaleimide, but not propranolol, aggravated ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. The protective effect of intragastric nicotine was not modified by either pretreatment. We conclude that the mechanism mediating intragastric nicotine protection against 40% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury is independent of propranolol- orN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307733
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of intragastric nicotine protection against ethanol-induced gastric injury (1991)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: capsaicin-sensitive afferent sensory nerve fibers ; indomethacin ; gastric mucus ; naloxone ; gastric mucosal blood flow ; nicotine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the mechanism of intragastric nicotine protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury seen in a previous report and in our preliminary study, the following studies were performed. Rats were pretreated with naloxone (8 mg/kg intraperitoneal, 0.5 hr prior to study) to block opiate receptors; or capsaicin (125 mg/kg subcutaneous 10 days prior to study) to denervate the afferent sensory fibers; or indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg intragastric or 5 mg/kg subcutaneous, 1 hr prior to study) to inhibit endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. At 1-hr intervals, nicotine (4 mg/kg) or vehicle and 40% ethanol were then given intragastrically. Total gastric corpus mucosal lesion length was measured unbiasedly. In separate studies, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) was assessed by hydrogen gas clearance before and after intragastric nicotine or vehicle; luminal mucus volume, gastric juice volume, and acid output were measured 1 hr after either intragastric nicotine or vehicle administration. The results showed that the acute protective effect of intragastric nicotine was associated with a significantly larger luminal mucus volume. It was not blocked by naloxone, capsaicin, or indomethacin. There was no increase in GMBF. The larger gastric residual volume did not account for the protection. We conclude that the mechanism mediating nicotine protection is unique and is independent of opiate receptors, capsaicin-sensitife afferent sensory nerve fibers, endogenous prostaglandin generation, or dilution of the injurious agent. The increase in luminal gastric mucus volume may contribute to the protective effect of intragastric nicotine against gastric mucosal injury produced by 40% ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01300085
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical control of foaming in a bubble column (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 702-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the air sparge rate, working liquid volume, liquid feed rate onto the disk, and disk diameter on the foam-breaking performance of foam-breaking apparatus with a rotating disk (FARD) installed in the bubble column. Experimental results showed that the smaller the air sparge rate and working liquid volume were, and the larger the liquid feed rate and disk diameter, the lower the critical disk rotational speed required for reduced foam-breaking. The presence of the effective ranges of the disk diameter and liquid feed rate for foam breaking was also confirmed. Furthermore, the quantitative predictions of the upper limits of the liquid feed rate, foam-breaking regions, and the required foam-breaking power were carried out, based on the results obtained above. Comparison of the FARD with two conventional mechanical foam-breaking spray-type apparati also demonstrated the highest level of the FARD in respect not only to foam-breaking performance but also to power requirements.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260712
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of perforated partition plate on mixing characteristics of horizontal stirred vessel (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 599-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To reduce backmixing in the flow-type horizontal stirred vessel, a perforated partition plate was attached and the effects of shape of plate on the mixing characteristics were studied under various operating conditions. Results were analyzed in terms of mixing models to evaluate the extent of preventing backmixing. It enabled us to estimate the extent of back flow at the perforated partition plate from power consumption.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270410
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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