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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Digitalis intoxication ; Digoxin ; Lanatosid C ; Pharmacokinetics ; Digitalisintoxikation ; Digoxin ; Lanatosid C ; Pharmakokinetik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 6 Patienten mit einer schweren Digitalisintoxikation wurden stationär beobachtet. 2 Patienten hatten ein Lanatosid C-, 4 ein Digoxin-Präparat eingenommen. In 3 Fällen wurden ventrikuläre Extrasystolen, in einem dieser Fälle und bei zwei weiteren S-A-Blockierungen und in einem Fall zusätzlich eine A-V-Blockierung gesehen. Die maximalen Digoxinplasmaspiegel lagen zwischen 3,4 und 20 ng/ml. Bei einer Patientin war erst 52 h nach Einnahme von Lanatosid C und bei einer anderen 12,6 h nach der toxischen Dosis von Digoxin das Blutspiegelmaximum erzielt. Erhöhte Kaliumkonzentrationen im Plasma fanden sich bei 4 Patienten. Die antiarrhythmische Therapie und die Elektrolytbilanzierung werden diskutiert und die Nützlichkeit einer Magenspülung an dem Fall einer Patientin aufgezeigt, die nach der oralen Einnahme von 23,75 mg Lanatosid C nach rechtzeitig vorgenommener Magenspülung nur maximale Blutspiegel von 3,4 ng/ml aufwies. Die kumulative Ausscheidung von Digoxin in den Urin betrug bei dieser Patientin lediglich 0,68 mg in 5 1/2 Tagen und bestätigt eine minimale Absorption unter der vorgenommenen Therapie.
    Notes: Summary 6 patients with severe digitalis intoxication were studied while hospitalised in a coronary care unit. 2 and 4 patients had ingested high doses of lanatosid C and digoxin, respectively. In three cases ventricular arrhythmias, in one of these and two further cases SA blocking and an additional A-V-block in one case were observed. Maximum blood levels of digoxin between 3.4 and 20 ng/ml were determined several hours after the ingestion. The maximal blood levels were achieved in one patient only 52 h after ingesting lanatosid C and in one patient taking digoxin after 12.5 h. Potassium concentrations in plasma were elevated in 4 patients. Antiarrhythmic and electrolyte therapy is discussed and the usefulness of a stomach lavage for diminishing the quantity of absorbed lanatosid C is shown in one patient who had a maximal blood level of 3.4 ng/ml after taking 23.7 mg of lanatosid C. Cumulative urinary excretion of this patient was 0.68 mg within 5.5 days. This result confirms the minimal enteral absorption under the therapy chosen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cyclohexylamine ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics ; Cyclamate ; Cyclohexylamin ; Pharmakokinetik ; Pharmakodynamik ; Cyclamat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Cyclohexylamin — ein Stoffwechselprodukt des künstlichen Süßstoffes Cyclamat — wurde in Dosen von 2,5, 5 und 10 mg/kg KG oral an gesunde Versuchspersonen verabreicht. Die Plasmahalbwertszeit von CHA betrug 3,5 bis 4,8 Std, wobei eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der Halbwertszeit von der applizierten Dosis beobachtet werden konnte. 86 bis 95% der verabfolgten Dosis wurden innerhalb 48 Std als unverändertes CHA im Urin ausgeschieden. Da Cyclohexylamin mit einem pKa von 10.6 eine stark basische Substanz ist, ist die fast vollständige enterale Resorption, ermittelt über die cumulative Urinausscheidung, als unerwartet hoch anzusehen. CHA verursachte einen dosisabhängigen Blutdruckanstieg, wobei eine enge Beziehung zwischen Blutdruckanstieg und den Cyclohexylaminplasmaspiegeln aufgestellt werden konnte. Auf Grund dieser Blutspiegel-Wirkungskurve konnte gezeigt werden, daß für einen signifikanten Blutdruckanstieg der kritische Cyclohexylaminplasmaspiegel zwischen 0,7 bis 0,8 μg/ml liegt. 10 mg/kg K.G. Cyclohexylamin verursachten einen signifikanten Anstieg der unveresterten Plasma-Fettsäuren und der cumulativen Katecholaminausscheidung im Harn, wohingegen Dosen von 2,5 und 5 mg/kg ohne Effekt waren. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß CHA ein indirektes Sympathikomimetikum ist, das allerdings wesentlich weniger wirksam ist als verwandte sympathikomimetische Substanzen.
    Notes: Abstract Cyclohexylamine (CHA) a possible metabolite of the artificial sweetener cyclamate was administered orally in doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w. to healthy volunteers. Plasma half lives of CHA ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 h showing a clear dose dependency. 86 to 95 % of the dose administered was excreted in the urine during 48 h as unchanged drug. Since CHA is a fairly strong base with a pKa of 10.6 the almost complete enteral absorption was rather unexpected. Cyclohexylamine caused a dose dependent rise in arterial blood pressure. A close correlation between plasma levels of CHA and increase of mean arterial blood pressure could be established. The analysis of this concentration response curve revealed that plasma levels of CHA of about 0.7 to 0.8 μg/ml are required in order to cause a significant increase in arterial blood pressure. A significant increase in plasma free fatty acids and cumulative urinary excretion of catecholamines was observed only after the administration of 10 mg/kg b.w. CHA. Our findings are consistent with cyclohexylamine being an indirect acting sympathomimetic amine which is some orders of magnitude less potent than related sympathomimetic substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1977), S. 297-304 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following oral administration of DL-[14C]prenylamine, about 40% of the dose administered was excreted in urine within 10 days. Less than 0.1% of the dose was excreted as unchanged prenylamine. The drug was extensively metabolized to at least 20 to 25 metabolites. The structure of 12 metabolites could be elucidated by means of g.c.m.s. Ring hydroxylation and further methylation of the phenolic metabolites are the main metabolic pathways involved. A substantial part of the drug and/or its metabolites is metabolized via cleavage of the C—N—C bond, giving rise to amphetamine and diphenylpropylamine which are further metabolized by aromatic and sidechain hydroxylation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive assay for prenylamine and dideuteroprenylamine (racemic or pseudo-racemate) has been developed and used in human pharmacokinetic studies. Plasma levels of prenylamine could be measured up to 50 h after a single oral therapeutic dose. The extracted drug was derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride in acetonitrile. The dried samples were reconstituted in decane; an aliquot was injected into a fused-silica capillary in a cooled on-column injector. The base peaks in the electron impact mass spectra of the compounds - derived by loss of a benzyl radical - at m/z 384, 386 and 390 were measured for prenylamine, (D2)-prenylamine and the internal standard hexahydroprenylamine, respectively. The sensitivity of this assay - limit of detection 0.2 ng ml-1 plasma with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5:1 - allowed measurement of the kinetics of the racemate and of both stereoisomers for the first time. In man, the (+)-isomer was eliminated considerably faster than the (-)-prenylamine; the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of the (+)-isomer was only about 1/4 of the AUC of (-)-prenylamine.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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