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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfidation and sulfidation-oxidation of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys containing dispersions of stable oxides (1974)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 8 (1974), S. 361-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: sulfidation ; sulfidation/oxidation ; hot corrosion ; nickel alloys ; cobalt alloys ; oxide dispersions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The presence of a fine dispersion of a stable oxide is known to have a beneficial effect on the oxidation resistance of nickel- and cobalt-base heat-resisting alloys. This paper presents some preliminary experimental results relating to the hot-corrosion resistance of these alloys. Alloys forming Cr 2O3 scales appear to be resistant to oxidation when coated with sodium sulfate, whereas an alloy normally forming an Al 2O3 scale suffers accelerated attack. During sulfidation some of the alloys suffer an accelerated degradation, with sulfur penetrating rapidly along what appear to be grain boundaries. The same effect is noted in sulfidation-oxidation experiments, when the Cr 2O3-forming alloys suffer accelerated oxidation, the effect of the dispersoid being apparently removed. An Al 2O3-forming alloy resists this form of attack well. The sodium sulfate-coated test is probably a good guide to the behavior under weakly corroding conditions, whereas the sulfidation-oxidation test may give a better indication of the behavior under highly aggressive conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603387
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the high-temperature oxidation behavior of some dilute nickel- and cobalt-base alloys (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel alloys ; cobalt alloys ; oxidation rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys, containing small additions of a higher valent second metal, in oxygen or air at high temperatures results in the formation of relatively complicated scale morphologies which change subtly with increasing additions of the second element and its characteristics. The various factors that can influence the oxidation behavior of such alloys are assessed and correlated with the oxidation kinetics and scale morphology types. For very dilute alloys the increase in oxidation rate compared with that of the corresponding pure metal (nickel or cobalt) is largely due to doping of the external oxides. However, once the solubility limit of the second metal in this oxide is exceeded, additional increases in second metal content of the alloy can either increase further or decrease the oxidation rate. The exact behavior depends on the relative interplay of factors such as internal oxide formation and coalescence, blocking effects of incorporated internal oxide or pores in the scale, short-circuit paths through the scale, doping, and the relative diffusion rates of the two metals in the scale. Probable rate-determining steps for oxidation of different alloy composition ranges are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606401
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Comparison of the Oxidation of Fe&—Cr, Ni—Cr and Co—Cr alloys in oxygen and water vapour (1970)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 900-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vergleich der Oxydation von Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr und Co-Cr in Sauerstoff und WasserdampfDie Geschwindigkeit und der Verlauf der Oxydation zahlreicher Legierungen aus Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr und Co-Cr in Sauerstoff (1 at) und Wasserdampf (0,1 at) + Argon (0,9 at) + Spuren von Lu# als Verunreinigung bei 1000°C werden unter Verwendung von weitgehend aus einem einzigen Laboratorium stammenden Daten verglichen. Die kennzeichnenden Eigenschaften der Oxydationsmechanismen für spezifische Legierungsgruppen werden im Lichte der verfügbaren Kenntnisse über die Legierungs- und Oxid- eigenschaften betrachtet, welche die Oxydationsmechanismen bestimmen.
    Notes: The rates and modes of oxidation of a wide range of pure Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys in 1 atm oxygen, and in 0.1 atm water vapour/0.9 atm argon contaminated with traces of air, at 1000°C are compared, using data originating largely from a single laboratory. The main features of the mechanisms of oxidation for specific groups of alloys are considered in the light of existing knowledge on the alloy and oxide Properties determining these mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19700211105
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Oxidation behavior of ODS iron aluminides (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 663-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Oxidationsverhalten von ODS-EisenaluminidenDispersionslegierungen der Zusammensetzung Fe-28at%Al-2at%Cr wurden pulvermetallurgisch mit anschließender Heißextrusion hergestellt. Der Basislegierung wurden verschiedene stabile Oxide beigemengt, um den Effekt dieser Dotierungen auf das Oxidationsverhalten bei 1200°C in Luft und in Sauerstoff zu beurteilen. Eine Al2O3-Dispersion glättete die α-Al2O3-Schicht, aber erzeugte keinen der anderen Effekte reaktiver Elemente und hatte einen ungünstigen Einfluß auf das Langzeit-Oxidationsverhalten. Eine Y2O3-Dispersion verbesserte die Haftung der Aluminiumoxid-Schicht bei 1200°C und 1300°C im Vergleich zur Zugabe einer Zr-Legierung. Jedoch war die Wirksamkeit einer Y2O3-Dispersion in Fe3Al in Bezug auf die Haftung der Oxidschicht nicht so wirksam wie bei FeCrAl. Dieses schlechtere Verhalten hängt mit einer stärkeren Void-Bildung bei ODS-Fe3Al an der Grenzfläche zur Oxidschicht zusammen.
    Notes: Oxide-dispersed Fe-28at.% Al-2%Cr alloys were produced by a powder metallurgy technique followed by hot extrusion. A variety of stable oxides were added to the base alloy to assess the effect of these dopants on the oxidation behavior at 1200°C in air and O2. An Al2O3 dispersion flattened the α-Al2O3 scale, but produced none of the other reactive element effects and had an adverse influence on the long-term oxidation behavior. A Y2O3 dispersion improved the alumina scale adhesion relative to a Zr alloy addition at 1200 and 1300°C. However, the Y2O3 dispersion was not as effective in improving scale adhesion in Fe3Al as it is in FeCrAl. This inferior performance is attributed to a larger amount of interfacial void formation on ODS Fe3Al.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960471202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of excimer laser annealing and yttria on corrosion of an FeCrNi alloy at 700°C (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 15 (1990), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several surface and near-surface analysis methods have been used to examine the effects of excimer (KrF, 248 nm) laser annealing and the addition of 2 wt.% Y2O3 on the early stages of corrosion of an Fe-25Cr-20Ni alloy at 700°C. Two specific questions were addressed experimentally: (1) Can excimer laser treatment improve the corrosion properties of the FeCrNi alloy in a mixed gas environment (containing oxygen and sulfur)?; (2) Does the Y2O3-induced improvement of the corrosion behavior of the alloy result from prevention of S segregation to the surface or scale-metal interface? Results show that laser annealing increased the Cr surface concentration of the treated alloy, but did not enhance the formation of a Cr-rich oxide. However, the treated alloy was less susceptible to scale breakdown and sulfide formation. Surface segregation of S was not prevented by the Y2O3 addition. Differences between doped and undoped alloys may be attributable primarily to changes in microstructure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740150214
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