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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene containing organic pigments (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1989), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die isotherme und nichtisotherme Kristallisation von isotaktischem Polypropylen, das mit ausgewählten organischen Pigmenten gefärbt war, wurde mittels DSC untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Nukleierungsfähigkeit der Pigmente mit deren chemischem Aufbau und mit der Erniedrigung der freien Energie für den Keimbildungsprozeß verbunden ist. Die experimentellen Daten wurden mit Hilfe der bekannten Avrami-Gleichung analysiert.Blau-Pigment und Rot-Lack beschleunigen die Kristallisation von isotaktischem Polypropylen, während Orange-Pigment die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit etwas herabsetzt.
    Notes: The isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene coloured with selected organic pigments was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the nucleating ability of pigments is connected with their chemical nature and with the reduction of the free energy for critical nucleus formation. The experimental data were analysed in terms of the well known Avrami equation.Blue pigment and Red lake are substances which accelerate the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene, while Orange pigment decreases the crystallization rate slightly.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051710106
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in structure of PA fibres during mass colouration (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1989), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß organischer Pigmente auf die Überstruktur von massegefärbten PA-Fasern wurde mittels Röntgenstreuung (Kleinwinkel- und Weitwinkelstreuung) untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die vor der Faserbildung in die Schmelze eingeführten Farbstoffmoleküle an der Bildung der Überstruktur der Faser beteiligt sind. Die Anwesenheit dieser Moleküle verursacht Veränderungen der polymorphen Formen des Polyamids, einen Anstieg des Kristallinitäts-Index der Fasern und eine Zunahme der Übergangsschichten zwischen kristallinen und amorphen Bereichen. Diese Veränderungen hängen sowohl vom Farbstoffgehalt als auch vom chemischen Aufbau der Pigmente ab.
    Notes: The effect of organic pigments on the supermolecular structure of mass coloured PA fibres has been investigated by means of small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering methods. It has been found that the dye molecules introduced in polymer melt before the fibre is formed take part in the formation of the supermolecular structure of the fibres. The presence of these molecules causes changes of the weight fractions of the polymorphic forms of the polyamide, the increase of the crystallinity index of the fibres and the increase of the thickness of the transition layers between crystalline and amorphous regions. Changes which have been observed are dependent both on the content of pigments and on their chemical nature.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051730103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ultrasonic waves on the structure of polyester fibers (PET) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1867-1874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of ultrasonic waves at constant intensity of 20 W/cm2 and frequency of 2 × 106 Hz on the microstructure of polyester fibers has been examined. Crystallinity, crystallite size, total orientation, and crystallite orientation have been estimated. It has been found that when subjected to different ultrasonic tests, the degree of fiber orientation decreases and crystalline perfection improves. The changes in crystallinity and crystallite size proved to be particularly difficult to determine with certainty.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200715
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of crystallinity by the gas-chromatographic molecular probe technique (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 32 (1981), S. 280-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1981.010320510
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of birefringence of the ideal crystalline fibres (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 33 (1982), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein neues Verfahren zur Berechnung der theoretischen Doppelbrechung der kristallinen Bereiche von Fasern wird vorgestellt. Die Berechnungen wurden für Fasern aus Polyamid-6, Polyacrylnitril und Polypropylen ausgeführt. Es wurde gefunden, daß neben den Gitterparametern auch die Methode zur Bestimmung der Polarisierbarkeit der Bin dungen einen Einfluß auf den Wert von Δnc hat.
    Notes: A new method for calculating the theoretical birefringence value of crystalline regions of fibres is presented. Calculations were carried out for fibres of polyamide 6, polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene. It was found that, apart from lattice parameters, the method of determination of bond polarizability has an effect on the Δnc value.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1982.010330204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of selected dyestuffs on the crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 166-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß von Pigmenten mit unterschiedlicher chemischer Struktur und Morphologie auf den Kristallisationsprozeß von massegefärbtem Polypropylen wird untersucht. Die isotherme Kristallisation der gefärbten PP-Filme wird infrarotspektroskopisch verfolgt. Der Avrami-Exponent des gefärbten Polypropylens liegt zwischen 2,3 und 2,9. Die Kristallisationskinetik des gefärbten Polymers wird hauptsächlich durch die zeitabhängige zufällige Bildung von Kristallisationskeimen bestimmt.
    Notes: The influence of pigments with various chemical and structural constitutions on the crystallization process of massdyed polypropylene is investigated. For following and recording the isothermic crystallization of dyed PP-films the IR-absorption technique has been applied. The Avrami exponent for dyed PP is in the range between 2.3 to 2.9. The crystallization process of dyed PP is mainly determined by the time-dependent occasional formation of crystal nuclei.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010340309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the thickness of the transition layer in PVC-PMMA blends (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Möglichkeit einer Bestimmung der Dicke der Übergangsschicht in Pseudo-Zweiphasensystemen mittels Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung wird diskutiert. Die Theorie von Ruland wird auf die quantitative Abschätzung der Dicke der Phasengrenzschicht in PVC-PMMA-Mischungen angewendet. Die Berechnungen wurden sowohl mit der Näherung für schmale Zwischenphasenbereiche als auch durch exakte Analyse der Theorie von Ruland durchgeführt.
    Notes: The possibility of application of SAXS investigations for the determination of the thickness of a transition layer in pseudo two-phase systems is discussed. The theory of Ruland is used for quantitative estimation of the thickness of the phase-boundary region in PVC-PMMA blends. Both the narrow interphase approximation and the exact analysis of Ruland's theory are used for the calculations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370412
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray scattering of polyethylene-polypropylene blends (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 348-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung von PE, PP und PE-PP-Mischungen wurde gemessen. Die Lagen der Langperioden-Peaks der Mischungen wurden mit denen der reinen Komponenten verglichen. Es wurde gezeigt, daß das Mischen der Polymere ihre Feinstruktur nicht wesentlich beeinflußt. Die Analyse der Kleinwinkelstreukurven von thermisch behandelten Proben bestätigt die Annahme, daß PE und PP in den Mischungen als unabhängige Komponenten vorliegen.
    Notes: SAXS investigations of PE, PP and PE-PP blends were performed. The locations of the long period peaks of the blends and the pure components were compared. It was shown that mutual mixing of the polymers does not considerably affect their fine structure. The analysis of the SAXS patterns of thermally treated samples confirms the assumption that PE and PP are independent components of the blends.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the phase boundary in two-phase systems by small angle x-ray scattering (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 41 (1990), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die theoretischen Grundlagen einer Untersuchung der Phasengrenze in Zweiphasensystemen mit Hilfe der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung werden beschrieben. An einigen Beispielen wird die Anwendung dieser Methode demonstriert. Die untersuchten Systeme sind Kohlenstoff-Fasern, Poly(ethylenterephthalat), Polypropylen und Styren-Multimethacrylat-Copolymere vom Leitertyp.
    Notes: The theoretical background of the SAXS method for investigations of the phase boundary in two-phase systems is described. Some examples of the application of the method are presented. The studied systems are carbon fibres, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, and ladder-type styrene-multimethacrylate copolymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1990.010410102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The supermolecular structure of thermoplastic block copolyesters (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 41 (1990), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die übermolekulare Struktur von thermoplastischen Blockcopolyestern mit unterschiedlichen Anteilen an Poly(ethyladipat) wurde mittels Röntgenklein-und -weitwinkelstreuung untersucht. Die Feinstruktur der Blockcopolymere hängt vom Poly(ethyladipat)-Gehalt und von der Wärmebehandlung ab. Getemperte Proben und ein Vergleichshomopolymer weisen eine lamellare Struktur auf und haben den größten Kristallinitätsindex. Die Dicke der Übergangsschicht zwischen kristalliner und amorpher Phase nimmt zu, wenn die Struktur weniger gut geordnet ist.
    Notes: The supermolecular structure of thermoplastic block copolyesters containing different amounts of poly(ethyladipate) has been investigated by small and wide angle X-ray scattering. It has been shown that the fine structure of the block copolymers depends both on the content of poly(ethyladipate) and heat treatment. The annealed samples and the standard homopolymer have a lamellar structure and the highest crystallinity index. The thickness of the transition layer between the crystalline and amorphous phases increases when the structure becomes less ordered.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1990.010410305
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