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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • Cholesterol  (2)
  • First-pass retention  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary uptake of bupivacaine in isolated perfused rat lung (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1995), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Lung perfusion ; Bupivacaine ; Fluorochrome-labeled capillaries ; First-pass retention ; Inulin ; Tritium-labeled water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of rat lung to remove the local anaesthetic drug bupivacaine from the blood was studied in isolated organs which were perfused either in an open (single-pass mode) or in a closed system (recirculating medium). Isolated perfused rat lungs exhibited a very low capacity to metabolize bupivacaine within 3 h during which the drug circulated continuously through the organ. The clearance values differed only by 0.2 ml/min from the control parameters in sham perfusions. The calculated extraction ratio was 0.2% and the elimination half-life was about 210 min. The volume of distribution of bupivacaine was 133 ml which remarkably surmounted the reference values obtained for sham perfusions. The distribution of bupivacaine into the pulmonary tissue was investigated applying the multiple indicator dilution technique to isolated lungs perfused in the single-pass mode. The mean elimination time of model compounds for distribution into the intravascular space, 14C-inulin, and the total water space, 3H-water, were 68 and 75 s at a flow rate of 6 ml/min. The volume of distribution was 5.9 ml for inulin and 6.5 ml for water. The mean transit time for concomitantly injected bupivacaine was 221 s and the volume of distribution was 14.4 ml. The respective parameters of sham perfusions performed without an isolated organ were substantially lower, i.e. mean elimination time 50, 50 and 61 s and distribution volume 4.9, 5.0 and 6.1 ml for inulin, water and bupivacaine. The volume of distribution during single-pass contact of bupivacaine to lung was not substantially influenced by an increase of the flow rate from 6 to 9 and 12 ml/min whereas the mean transit time dropped from 221 to 121 and 108 s, respectively. These results support the assumption that bupivacaine is extensively retained by the pulmonary tissue and that elimination of bupivacaine by metabolism can be neglegted for lung. The hemodynamic parameters of bronchiolar perfusion in the artificially perfused lung were determined using two fluorochrome-labeled macromolecular proteins, i.e. fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)- and lissamine-rhodamine-B 200 (RB 200)-labeled globulin. After 10 min of perfusion at a flow rate of 12 ml/min in the closed system an area of 10.8070 of the peribronchiolar tissue area contained the dye-label FITC. A very similar index (10.1%) of dye-coloured capillaries was obtained when the lungs of anaesthetized rats were examined 10 min after intravenous injection of the fluorochrome into the pulmonary artery in vivo. In isolated perfused rat lungs receiving both FITC and RB 200 59.5% of FITC-labeled capillaries were reached by the second fluorochrome within 2 s. This fraction accounted for 93.3% after 10 s of circulation time. This proves that isolated rat lungs were well perfused in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169070
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary uptake of bupivacaine in isolated perfused rat lung (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1994), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Lung perfusion ; Bupivacaine ; Fluorochrome-labeled capillaries ; First-pass retention ; Inulin ; Tritium-labeled water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of rat lung to remove the local anaesthetic drug bupivacaine from the blood was studied in isolated organs which were perfused either in an open (single-pass mode) or in a closed system (recirculating medium). Isolated perfused rat lungs exhibited a very low capacity to metabolize bupivacaine within 3 h during which the drug circulated continuously through the organ. The clearance values differed only by 0.2 ml/min from the control parameters in sham perfusions. The calculated extraction ratio was 0.2% and the elimination half-life was about 210 min. The volume of distribution of bupivacaine was 133 ml which remarkably surmounted the reference values obtained for sham perfusions. The distribution of bupivacaine into the pulmonary tissue was investigated applying the multiple indicator dilution technique to isolated lungs perfused in the single-pass mode. The mean elimination time of model compounds for distribution into the intravascular space, 14C-inulin, and the total water space, 3H-water, were 68 and 75 s at a flow rate of 6 ml/min. The volume of distribution was 5.9 ml for inulin and 6.5 ml for water. The mean transit time for concomitantly injected bupivacaine was 221 s and the volume of distribution was 14.4 ml. The respective parameters of sham perfusions performed without an isolated organ were substantially lower, i.e. mean elimination time 50, 50 and 61 s and distribution volume 4.9, 5.0 and 6.1 ml for inulin, water and bupivacaine. The volume of distribution during single-pass contact of bupivacaine to lung was not substantially influenced by an increase of the flow rate from 6 to 9 and 12 ml/min whereas the mean transit time dropped from 221 to 121 and 108 s, respectively. These results support the assumption that bupivacaine is extensively retained by the pulmonary tissue and that elimination of bupivacaine by metabolism can be neglegted for lung. The hemodynamic parameters of bronchiolar perfusion in the artificially perfused lung were determined using two fluorochrome-labeled macromolecular proteins, i.e. fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)- and lissamine-rhodamine-B 200 (RB 200)-labeled globulin. After 10 min of perfusion at a flow rate of 12 ml/min in the closed system an area of 10.8% of the peribronchiolar tissue area contained the dye-label FITC. A very similar index (10.1%) of dye-coloured capillaries was obtained when the lungs of anaesthetized rats were examined 10 min after intravenous injection of the fluorochrome into the pulmonary artery in vivo. In isolated perfused rat lungs receiving both FITC and RB 200 59.5% of FITC-labeled capillaries were reached by the second fluorochrome within 2 s. This fraction accounted for 93.3% after 10 s of circulation time. This proves that isolated rat lungs were well perfused in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169070
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-injection analysis for total cholesterol with photometric detection
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 287 (1994), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Cholesterol ; Enzymatic methods ; Flow injection ; Serum ; Spectrophotometry
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(94)85101-8
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme-based fiber-optic device for the determination of total and free cholesterol
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 256 (1992), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Biosensor ; Blood ; Cholesterol ; Enzyme reactor ; Fibre-optic sensor ; Serum
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(92)85353-8
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The columnar growth angle in obliquely evaporated Thin filmsHerrn Professor Karl Heinz Kloos aus Anlaß seines 65. Geburtstages zugeeignet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Orientierung der Säulen in der Mikrostruktur schräg aufgedampfter dünner SchichtenSchräg aufgedampfte dünne Schichten entwickeln gewöhnlich eine Mikrostruktur aus Sälen, deren Wachstumswinkel relativ zur Substratnormalen, β, nicht mit dem Einfallswinkel α übereinstimmt. Hier wird gezeigt, daß der funktionale Zusammenhang β(α) durch die Gleichung tan β=tan α + ρ-1(dρ/δα) in universeller Weise mit der Winkelabhängigkeit der Schichtdichte ρ verknüpft ist. Ein Vergleich mit numerischen Daten aus Simulationen der ballistischen Abscheidung von Scheiben und Kugeln bestätigt die Theorie.
    Notes: Vapor-deposited thin films grown under conditions of oblique incidence commonly develop a microstructure of columns, inclined at an angle β relative to the substrate normal, which differs from the angle of incidence α. Here it is shown that the functional relation β(α) is universally linked to the dependence of the film density ρ on the angle of incidence, through the equation tan β=tan α + ρ-1(dρ/dα). The theory is supported by an analysis of published numerical data obtained from simulations of ballistic deposition of disks and spheres.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochromic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites as Holographic Storage Media (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 7 (1997), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: nanocomposites ; sol-gel ; heteropolymetallates ; photochromics ; holographic data storage ; amplitude grating ; two-wave-mixing recording ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the properties of some new organic-inorganic photochromic layers. They are based on a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix in which tungsten heteropolyoxometallates (SiW12O4-40, PW12O3-40) are entrapped in a network obtained from the reaction of 3-glycidoxy-propyltrimethoxysilane. The high homogeneity of these materials on the nanoscale leads to transparent monoliths and layers of controlled thicknesses up to 40 μm. The optical properties of the blend are emphasised and the construction of amplitude gratings in the materials by two-wave-mixing experiments is described. The results of the optical experiments and the comparison with the theoretical background are used as a model for photochromic holographic storage processes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical behavior of a systematic series of poly(L-alpha-alkylamino acids) in dry and moist nitrogen (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2089-2096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The solid-state thermomechanical behavior of polyglycine, poly-L-alanine, poly-L-valine, and poly-L-leucine was investigated throughout the temperature range -180° to 500°C in dry and moist nitrogen atmospheres at about 1 cps using torsional braid analysis. Transitions of the dry polymers and complexities introduced by the presence of water were investigated by temperature cycling.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170710
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beeinflussung der Korrosion von Zink durch Metalle, die im Korrosionsmedium als Kationen enthalten sind (1971)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence on zinc corrosion by metals being present as cations in the corrosive mediumAddition of cations of nobler metals may accelerate or inhibit corrosion of zinc in acid media, depending on the hydrogen overvoltage of the metal deposits being formed. In the case of low hydrogen overvoltage corrosion is accelerated. This accelerating effect decreases in the following order: As-III, Sb-III, Ni-II, Cu-II, Co-II, Fe-II, Cd-II, Ga-III, In-III, Pb-II, Tl-I and Hg-II. This fact also goes to show that Pb contents in the zinc or preliminary amalgamation reduce the influecne of the deposits. On the other hand, Cd contents in zinc have a negligible effect and Fe contents tend to surprisingly accelerate corrosion.
    Notes: Zusatz von Kationen edlerer, Metalle kann die Korrosion von Zn in sauren Medien beschleunigen oder hemmen, je nachdem, ob die entstehenden Metallniederschläge niedrige bzw. hohe Wasserstoffüberspannung aufweisen: im ersten Falle wird die Korrosion beschleunigt. Die korrosionsfördernde Wirkung nimmt dabei in der folgenden Reihe ab: As-III, Sb-III, Ni-II, Cu-II, Co-II, Fe-II, Cd-II, Ga-III, In-III, Pb-II, Tl-I und Hg-II. Daraus ist auch zu erklären, daß Pb-Gehalte im Zn sowie vorheriges Amalgamieren den Einfluß der Niederschläge verringern. Cd-Gehalte im Zn wirken sich hingegen kaum aus und Fe führt überraschend zu starker Zunahme der Korrosion.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19710220204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lokaler Korrosionsangriff unter Wasserstoffblasen, die an der Oberfläche von Zink haften (1971)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting corrosion under hydrogen bubbles, adherent to the surface of zincInvestigation zinc alloys in acid solutions, it could be determined that under hydrogen bubbles which has adhered on the surface, annuker pitting corrosion took place. The types of corrosion attack were examined under a microscope during and after the corrosion test and in some cases under scanning electron microscope. The formation of the annular pittings can be interpreted as an impoverishment of hydrogen ions in the boundary layer between the hydrogen bubble and the surface of the specimen.
    Notes: Bei Korrosionsuntersuchungen an Zinklegierungen im sauren Korrosionsmedium konnte festgestellt werden, daß an Stellen anhaftender Wasserstoffblasen auf der Probenoberfläche ringförmiger Lochfraß entsteht. Diese Korrosionserscheinungen wurden während und nach dem Korrosionsversuch mit dem Lichtmikroskop und dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Das Entstehen dieser ringförmigen Lochfraßnarben kann durch die Verarmung von Wasserstoffionen in der Grenzschicht zwischen Wasserstoffblase und Probenoberfläche erklärt werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19710220407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des ChemieingenieurwesensVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 27. bis 29. Sept. 1989 in Berlin. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 62 (1990), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Development of chemical engineering - A survey. This article describes the scientific and technological origins of chemical engineering and the concept of chemical technology. The paradigm of unit operations was the result of mass production, continuous and catalytic processes, and knowledge of physical chemistry. The evolution of theory and the institutionalization of chemical engineering are described as constitutive elements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330620305
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