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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryotoxische Wirkungen von Trypanblau bei Mäusen in Abhängigkeit vom Behandlungszeitpunkt (1970)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 267 (1970), S. 20-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Embryotoxic Actions ; Trypan Blue ; Time Factor ; Trypanblau ; Embryotoxicität ; Behandlungszeitpunkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The embryotoxic effect of a single dose of trypan blue given to pregnant mice (NMRI/Han-strain) on different days of pregnancy was studied. Seven groups each comprising 10–27 animals were subcutaneously injected with 1% trypan blue solution in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The injection was performed on the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th or 14th day of gestation. 40 animals, forming a control group received a single injection of saline over the same period. The findings were as follows: 1. A statistically higher rate of malformations in comparison to the control group is found to occur when the injection of trypan blue is made between the 6th and 10th day of pregnancy. Within this period the strongest teratogenic activity is observed when the trypan blue is administered on the 8th day of gestation. 2. The rate of resorptions in trypan blue treated animals over the period of pregnancy examined shows a significant increase over that of the control group. Here again the maximum is reached when the trypan blue has been injected on the 8th day. The effect of earlier and later injections is noticeably less. 3. The rate of retardation is increased by injections of trypan blue from the 8th day of gestation onward and by the 14th day the maximum has still not been attained. The morphology of the observed resorptions as well as that of the retarded and malformed fetuses is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryotoxische Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen von Trypanblau bei Mäusen (1970)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 267 (1970), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Embryotoxic Actions ; Trypan Blue ; Dose Response ; Trypanblau ; Embryotoxicität ; Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The embryotoxic effect of trypan blue on pregnant mice of the NMRI-strain was studied in relation to the dose injected. In addition, the acute toxicity of trypan blue in the adult mouse was determined and compared with the fetal toxicity. The findings were as follows: 1. The acute toxicity of trypan blue given in 1% solution, was determined. The LD50 adult=267 mg/kg when the injection is made subcutaneously. 2. In all treated animals, whatever the size of the injected dose-25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg-a significant increase is observed both in the overall embryotoxic activity and in the resorption-, malformation- and retardationrates, compared to non-treated animals. Malformation- and retardation-rates as well as the overall embryotoxic activity are found to increase in parallel with increasing dose without a maximum having been attained at 200 mg/kg. In contrast, the rate of resorptions appears to be independent of the dose. 3. The dose that allows 50% of all implantations to evolve into fetuses, showing no recognizable damage-is in the region of 67 mg/kg. This amounts to approximately 1/4 of the LD50 adult
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Wirkung von Lithiumcarmin und Lithiumcarbonat auf die Embryonalentwicklung der Maus (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 270 (1971), S. 56-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Carmine ; Lithium ; Embryotoxic Actions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carmine in a 1% lithium carbonate solution, forms the acid vital dye lithium carmine. The present paper deals with the question whether the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects resulting from the administration of lithium carmine to mice are due to the carmine itself or to the lithium ions. Mice of the NMRI/Han strain were injected i. p. on the 8th day of pregnancy with 100 mg/kg carmine using either a 2.5% or a 4.0% lithium carmine solution. A third group of mice received 40 mg/kg lithium carbonate in 1% solution, corresponding to the dose of lithium given by injecting the 2.5% solution of lithium carmine. Control animals were injected with 0.2 ml of saline. The following results were obtained: 1. A dose of 100 mg/kg carmine, injected as a 2.5 or a 4.0% of lithium carmine solution, is embryotoxic and teratogenic. With both solutions the number of resorbed, malformed and retarded fetuses is nearly the same. 2. Injection of lithium carbonate significantly raises the number of resorptions, but only 1 out of 79 fetuses was malformed. The rate of retardations does not exceed that of the controls. 3. The malformations, which are described in some detail, are localized in the brain (exencephalies) and skeletal system (malformations of ribs and vertebral column).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997299
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondrotoxicity of quinolones in vivo and in vitro (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 67 (1993), S. 411-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Quinolones ; Chondrocytes ; Dogs ; Arthropathia ; Proteoglycans ; Cytotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chondrotoxicity is a rare toxicological finding which is observed in dogs after administration of quinolone antibacterials. To study this effect chondrocytes from articular cartilage of dogs were isolated, and incubated with quinolone derivatives. The effects on cell viability, mitochondrial dehydrogenase, and proteoglycan synthesis were determined. These results were compared with in vivo findings in dogs treated with these quinolones. It was concluded that inhibition of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and of proteoglycan synthesis are major reasons for cartilage damage. Therefore this in vitro model is capable of identifying strongly arthropathogenic quinolones without the need of performing animal studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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