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  • Recurrent Inhibition  (3)
  • Microglia  (2)
  • β-amyloid  (2)
  • Chronischer Alkoholismus  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter SESA-Syndrom ; Chronischer Alkoholismus ; Epileptische Anfälle ; Key words SESA syndrome ; Chronic alcoholism ; Seizures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome) is a rare disease entity following chronic alcohol ingestion. It is quite distinct from alcohol withdrawal syndromes, such as delirium, withdrawal seizures or CNS complications of alcohol, such as Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis or Marchiafava-Bignami disease, and was proposed in 1981 by Niedermeyer and coworkers. This syndrome consists of multiple neurological deficits, such as hemiparesis or hemianopia, and of recurrent focal and generalized seizures associated with prominent EEG features (peri-odic lateralized discharges, PLEDs). A 72-year-old Caucasian male with chronic alcoholism and an otherwise unremarkable past medical history was admitted to our hospital be-cause of several secondary generalized simple partial seizures. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and of mean corpuscular volume. Other laboratory investigations and the CSF examinations on three occasions revealed normal values. Cranial computed and magnetic resonance tomography showed cerebral microangiopathy and generalized atrophy. Despite triple anticonvulsive therapy and an intravenous treatment with acyclovir and thiamine, the epileptic seizures persisted. Several EEGs revealed left parieto-occipital perodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). The patient died of an intercurrent pulmonary infection about 3 months after the onset of symptoms. The described clinical picture resembles the symptoms of SESA syndrome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Subakute Enzephalopathie mit epileptischen Anfällen bei Patienten mit chronischem Al-koholismus (SESA-Syndrom) ist neben häufigeren Erkrankungen wie Delirium tremens, Alkoholentzugskrampf, Wernicke-Korsakow-Syndrom, zentraler pontiner Myelinolyse und Marchiafava-Bignami-Syndrom eine seltene Alkoholfolgekrankheit. Multiple neurologische Defizite (Hemiparese, Hemianopsie oder Aphasie), rezidivierende fokale und generalisierte epileptische Anfälle und periodische seitenbetonte steile Potentiale im EEG sind bei diesem Syndrom beschrieben worden. Ein 72jähriger Patient mit chroni-schem Alkoholabusus wurde nach mehreren sekundär generalisierten fokalen Anfällen der rechten Körperseite unter der Verdachtsdiagnose einer Enzephalitis aufgenommen. Die neurologische Untersuchung ergab eine globale Aphasie. Bei den Laboruntersuchungen zeigten sich erhöhte Werte für Gamma-GT und MCV. Sonstige Laboruntersuchungen und Liquoranalysen ergaben Normalbefunde. Im CCT und im zerebralen MRT zeigte sich eine Mikroangiopathie und eine Hirnatrophie. Trotz einer intravenösen Behandlung mit Acyclovir und Vitamin B1 und einer 3fachen antikonvulsiven Therapie wurden weiterhin epileptische Anfälle und eine Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes beobachtet. Mehrere EEG-Untersuchungen ergaben periodische steile links parietookzipital betonte Wellen. Drei Monate nach Beginn der Symptomatik verstarb der Patient an einer Lungenentzündung. Das beschriebene klinische Bild entspricht den Kriterien des SESA-Syndroms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid precursor protein ; β-amyloid ; Quinolinic acid ; Astrocytes ; Microglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical and experimental data have indicated an up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) after various types of CNS injury. In the present study the cellular source of lesion-induced APP has been investigated an a neurotoxic CNS model. Quinolinic acid injection into the striatum results in neuronal degeneration, while glial cells survive. APP immunoreactivity was detected in glial cells starting at postoperative day 3 and persisted until day 21, the last time point studied. Double immunocytochemistry identified the majority of APP-immunoreactive cells as glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive astrocytes. There was no evidence of amyloid fibril deposition during this time. It is concluded that following excitotoxic neuronal degneration APP is mainly produced by reactive astrocytes in the lesioned area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words     Amyloid precursor protein ; β-amyloid ; Quinolinic acid ; Astrocytes ; Microglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      Clinical and experimental data have indicated an up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) after various types of CNS injury. In the present study the cellular source of lesion-induced APP has been investigated in a neurotoxic CNS model. Quinolinic acid injection into the striatum results in neuronal degeneration, while glial cells survive. APP immunoreactivity was detected in glial cells starting at postoperative day 3 and persisted until day 21, the last time point studied. Double immunocytochemistry identified the majority of APP-immunoreactive cells as glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive astrocytes. There was no evidence of amyloid fibril deposition during this time. It is concluded that following excitotoxic neuronal degneration APP is mainly produced by reactive astrocytes in the lesioned area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 329 (1971), S. 23-33 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Extensor γ-Motoneurones ; Recurrent Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antidromic effect of ventral root or muscle nerve stimulation has been studied on functionally isolated γ-efferents to the medial gastrocnemius muscle in the intercollicular decerebrate cat. Tetanic stimulation of the ventral root at levels below the threshold for the investigated γ-efferents decreases the activity of 10 out of 19 γ-motoneurones. This effect is greater in cats with intact contralateral dorsal roots. Tetanic stimulation of synergic muscular nerves inhibits some of the investigated γ-motoneurones, whereas tetanic stimulation of antagonistic muscular nerves fails to have any inhibitory effect. It is suggested that the recurrent inhibition of γ-motoneurones is mediated via at least one additional interneuron between the Renshaw cell and the γ-motoneuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 346 (1974), S. 251-262 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Extensor γ-Motoneurones ; Autogenetic Inhibition ; Recurrent Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of stretching the triceps surae muscle on the resting discharge of functionally isolated and identified γ-efferents in the medial gastrocnemius nerve were studied in intercollicular decerebrate cats. Extension of the muscle decreases the activity of 9 out of 25 γ-motoneurones. This inhibition becomes apparent at about 8 mm muscle length and increases with increasing extension. Only those γ-efferents exhibiting this length-dependent inhibition are found to be inhibited by repetitive antidromic stimulation of the ventral root or the homonymous muscle nerve. We suggest that inhibition of fusimotor neurones by muscle stretch is at least partly mediated by the recurrent collaterals of the α-motoneurones activated by the stretch. 11 γ-motoneurones were predominantly excited by muscle stretch applied to the detached Achilles tendon as well as by squeezing the tendon. Nociceptors within the tendon or surrounding fascia are probably responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 311 (1969), S. 148-158 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Decerebrate State ; Extensor Motoneurones ; Recurrent Inhibition ; Disinhibition ; Schlüsselwörter ; Dezerebrierungsstarre ; Extensor-Motoneurone ; Recurrente Inhibition ; Disinhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Trotz kontinuierlicher Anaesthesie und Unterbrechung der Gamma-Spindelschleife löst die natürliche oder elektrische Reizung homonymer Ia-Afferenzen mit konstanter Stärke nach intercolliculärer Dezerebrierung an Extensor-Motoneuronen regelmäßigere Antworten, Verkürzung der Reflexzeit, Zunahme der Entladungsfrequenz, Verstärkung der post-tetanischen Potenzierung und Rekrutierung aus. Da der Grad der recurrenten Hemmung abnimmt, schließen wir, daß die gesteigerte Erregbarkeit der Extensor-Motoneurone im Zustand der Dezerebrierung mit Disinhibition verbunden ist. Die mit einem konstanten Quantum reflexwirksamer Afferenzen erhaltenen Resultate sprechen für unsere Annahme, daß Spastizität nicht hauptsächlich auf fusimotorischer Enthemmung beruht.
    Notes: Summary Even with continued anesthesia and interrupted gamma-loop intercollicular decerebration leads in extensor motoneurones (excited by electrical or natural stimulation of homonymous Ia-afferents with constant strength) to the following phenomona: more regular responses, shortening of reflex time, increase of discharge frequency, enhancement of post-tetanic potentiation, and recruitment. Because the degree of recurrent inhibition is diminished we conclude that the higher excitability of extensor motoneurones in the decerebrate state is correlated with disinhibition. Furthermore the results obtained with the afferent input for motoneurones kept constant favour our assumption that spasticity is not based merely on the release of fusimotor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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