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  • Clinical symptoms  (1)
  • Evaluation of mental health care systems  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Preclinical hyperthyroidism ; Psychological changes ; Clinical symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The study reported here was undertaken to establish the degree to which a person in a preclinical state of hyperthyroidism, with (by definition) euthyroid T3 and T4 levels but suppressed TRH on testing, already exhibits psychological changes and clinical symptoms. Two groups of 20 patients each, with clear clinical and preclinical hyperthyroidism (as defined by laboratory parameters), were studied, as well as a group of 20 controls. The subjects' psychological state of mind was investigated using self-rating scales, including the state-trait-anxiety inventory (STAI), „Befindlich-keits“-Skala (Bf-S'), depression scale (D-S'), and a list of adjectives (EWL-K) with 14 different aspects of affective moods. Cognitive achievements were evaluated using the d2 test. Subjects were examined for somatic symptoms in accordance with Crooks' index of hyperthyroidism. The results clearly showed that typical psychological and somatic changes are already present in preclinical hyperthyroidism, these changes being partly identical with those of definite hyperthyroidism. In both patient groups, a significant increase in anxiety, a sense of not feeling well, and emotional irritability were found, as well as a tendency towards depressiveness, and an increased lack of vitality and activity. Attentiveness and concentration in both patient groups were lower than in the control group. Both patient groups showed the same prevalence of symptoms, such as palpipations, preference of cold over heat, excessive sweating, nervousness, fine digital tremor, and increased heart rate. With regard to the results, the diagnosis “preclinical hyperthyroidism” thus gains importance. Further prospective studies are required to answer the question whether antithyroidal treatment will influence the described psychological and somatic state of patients with preclinical hyperthyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 232 (1982), S. 71-95 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Mental health services research ; Community mental health service ; Case register ; Evaluation of mental health care systems ; Changes in psychiatric morbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Evaluation der Implementationsphase eines gemeindepsychiatrischen Dienstes in der ca. 315000 Einwohner zählenden Stadt Mannheim (BRD) durch das Kumulative Psychiatrische Fallregister am Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit. Innerhalb von vier Jahren des Ausbaus von Krisen- und Notfallversorgung, Nachsorgeeinrichtungen (beschützte Wohnungen, Heime, Werkstätten) und des Angebots psychiatrischer Betten innerhalb der Stadt, stieg die Gesamtzahl der Behandlungsepisoden um mehr als 100% von ca 1,1 auf 1000 auf ca. 2,2 auf 1000 Einwohner über 14 Jahre, und zwar vorwiegend im ambulanten Sektor. Der Zuwachs an Krankenhausaufnahmen betrug ca. 40%, während die Rate belegter Betten bei ca. 1,7 pro 1000 — beziehungsweise 1,3 pro 1000 ohne Betten im psychogeriatrischen Krankenhaus — stabil blieb. Diese Entwicklung ließ sich auf mehrere Faktoren zurückführen: 1. ein echter Anstieg der Krankeitshäufigkeit, vor allem bei schweren Krisen in den Diagnosegruppen ICD Nr. 300, 301, 305-308, insbesondere bei Suizidversuchen sowie bei alkohol- und medikamentenbedingten Erkrankungen. 2. Das verstärkte Angebot an Hilfe, besonders auf dem Sektor der Krisenintervention und der Notfallversorgung, in diagnostischen Kategorien betrachtet, vorwiegend bei leichteren Neurosen, Krisen und affektiven Psychosen, hat ein erhebliches Wachstum der Inanspruchnahme ausgelöst. 3. Der kontinuierliche Ausbau langfristiger Krankenhausaufenthalte, vor allem bei Schizophrenen, führte zu einer verstärkten Inanspruchnahme ambulanter und stationärer Dienste in der Gemeinde bei Rückfällen und Krisen. Ein Kohortenvergleich von alten und von neuen unter den Bedingungen eines gemeindepsychiatrischen Dienstes zuwachsenden chronischen Fällen ließ erkennen, daß langfristige Hospitalisierung wesentlich seltener und wesentlich später, meist nach mehreren Rehabilitationsversuchen erfolgt. In der Gruppe der Schizophrenen wurden 1979/80 in Mannheim nur ca. 5% der Erstaufnahmen länger als 1 Jahr im psychiatrischen Krankenhaus hospitalisiert (Klug et al. 1981). Um 1900 waren es noch zwischen 60 und 70%. Der Vergleich mit methodisch ähnlich angelegten Evaluationsstudien über gemeindepsychiatrische Dienste im Ausland zeigt weitgehend identische Trends, wobei in Mannheim mit einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Rate psychiatrischer Betten auszukommen vermochte.
    Notes: Summary The implementation of a community mental health service in Mannheim (FRG), a city with 315,000 inhabitants, is being evaluated by means of the data of the Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register at the Central Institute of Mental Health. Within a four-year period of extending services for crisis intervention and emergency care, aftercare (sheltered apartments, homes, workshops) and of providing psychiatric beds in the city, the total number of treatment episodes has increased by more than 100% from about 1.1 to about 2.2 per 1000 inhabitants aged over 14, mainly at the out-patient level of care. Admissions to hospital showed an increase of about 40% whereas bed occupancy remained stable at a rate of about 1.7/1000-respectively 1.3/1000 if beds provided by a psychogeriatric nursing home are deducted. This development can be attributed to various factors: (1) A true increase of morbidity may occur mainly in diagnostic groups I.C.D. No. 300, 301, 305–308, especially an increase in attempted suicides and in alcohol- and drug-related diseases. (2) The increased provision of help, mainly on the sector of crisis intervention and emergency care and — in diagnostic categories — mainly in minor neurotic disorders, crises, and affective psychoses, has resulted in a large rise in utilization. (3) The continuous decrease of long-term hospital stays, above all in schizophrenic patients, has led to an increased utilization of out- and in-patient services in the community when crises and relapses occurred. A comparison of two cohorts of „old“ and „new“ patients, the latter having accumulated under the conditions of a community mental health service, has shown that these patients are admitted for a long-term hospital stay considerably later and less frequently than formerly, mostly only after several attempts for rehabilitation. In the group of schizophrenic patients, only about 5% of all first admissions stayed in a psychiatric hospital for more than one year in 1979/80. About the year 1900, this group had still amounted to between 60% and 70%. A comparison with evaluations of comprehensive community care systems in other countries shows that there are largely identical trends, although the initial rate for psychiatric beds was comparably lower in Mannheim.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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