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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 260 (1968), S. 379-399 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prenylamine ; Indirect Sympathomimetic Action ; Cocaine-Like Action ; Unspecific-Spasmolytic and Quinidine-Like Action ; MAO-Inhibitor ; Prenylamin ; Indirekt sympathicomimetische Wirkung ; Cocainähnliche Wirkung ; Unspezifisch spasmolytische und chinidinartige Wirkung ; MAO-Hemmstoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das pharmakologische Wirkungsspektrum des Prenylamins umfaßt 1. indirekt sympathicomimetische, 2. cocain- bzw. imipraminähnliche, 3. unspezifisch-spasmolytische, papaverinähnliche Wirkungen. 1. Die tachykardische und blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung des Prenylamins an der Katze wurde durch Cocain abgeschwächt. Seine Kontraktionswirkung an der Nickhaut war jedoch verstärkt, da Cocain offensichtlich die für die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin erforderliche Aufnahme der lipophilen Substanz weniger hemmt als die Wiederaufnahme des freigesetzten Brenzcatechinamins. — Die coronargefäβerweiternde und positiv inotrope Wirkung des Prenylamins am isoliert durchströmten Rattenherz (Langendorff) war nach Vorbehandlung mit Reserpin aufgehoben und ließ sich durch Noradrenalininfusion restituieren. — I.v. Injektion von 5 mg/kg Prenylamin führte bei Ratten zu einer Abnahme des Noradrenalin- und Dopamin-gehaltes, nicht jedoch zu einer Abnahme des Serotoningehaltes im Gehirn. Versuche mit 14C-Prenylamin ergaben, daß die für die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin in Herz und Gehirn erforderliche Prenylaminkonzentration im Gewebe mindestens fünffach über derjenigen des Noradrenalins liegen mußte. Die Ergebnisse sprechen weniger für einen reserpinähnlichen Wirkungsmechanismus als vielmehr für denjenigen eines indirekt wirkenden sympathicomimetischen Amins. 2. Die cocain- bzw. imipraminähnliche Wirkungsqualität des Prenylamins kam darin zum Ausdruck, daß es die an der Nickhaut durch Noradrenalin ausgelösten Kontraktionen stärker potenzierte als die durch Adrenalin verursachten. Prenylamin hemmte die Aufnahme von 3H-Noradrenalin in das isoliert perfundierte Rattenherz. Prenylamin erwies sich in vitro als ein reversibler und kompetitiver Hemmstoff der Monoaminoxydase. Eine Hemmung des Ferments auch in vivo könnte mitverantwortlich dafür sein, daß die Tyraminwirkung an der Nickhaut nach Prenylamin verstärkt war. 3. Eine unspezifisch-spasmolytische, papaverinähnliche Wirkungskomponente war die Ursache dafür, daß Prenylamin am Meerschweinchenileum die Acetylcholin-und Histaminwirkung, am Vas deferens der Ratte die Acetylcholin- und Noradrenalinwirkung nicht-kompetitiv abschwächte. Sie erklärt auch, weshalb Prenylamin an der Katze nach Cocain nur noch eine blutdrucksenkende Eigenwirkung besaß, die blutdrucksteigernde Adrenalinwirkung abschwächte und in höherer Dosierung zu einer chinidinartigen Depression des Herzmuskels führte. Die „antiadrenergischen“ Wirkungen des Prenylamins sind somit weder α- noch β-sympathicolytische, sondern unspezifische Effekte.
    Notes: Summary Prenylamine possesses not only the properties of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine but also exerts cocaine-like, and unspecific-spasmolytic, papaverine-like actions. 1. In the cat the chronotropic as well as the blood pressure raising action of prenylamine was abolished by cocaine. However, the contractions of the nictitating membrane elicited by prenylamine were potentiated. Obviously, cocaine is not able to prevent completely the uptake of the lipophilic drug but blocks the re-uptake of released noradrenaline. — The coronary dilating and inotropic action of prenylamine in isolated perfused rat hearts was abolished by pretreatment with reserpine and restored by infusion of noradrenaline (NA). — After i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg prenylamine only the NA and dopamine content in brain of rats was reduced; the serotonin content remained unchanged. To produce this effect, the tissue concentration of the drug in heart and brain had to be at least 5 times higher than that of NA as shown by experiments with 14C-prenylamine. The results suggest that the underlying mechanism is similar to that of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine and not a reserpine-like one. 2. Because of its cocaine-like property prenylamine potentiated the action of NA on the nictitating membrane to a higher degree than that of adrenaline. The drug inhibited the uptake of 3H-NA in the isolated perfused rat heart. In vitro prenylamine was shown to be a reversible and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. In vivo-inhibition of the enzyme could thus also be responsible for the enhanced action of tyramine on the nictitating membrane caused by the drug. 3. Because of its unspecific-spasmolytic, papaverine-like properties prenylamine inhibited the actions of acetylcholine and histamine on the guinea pig ileum and the actions of acetylcholine and NA on the vas deferens of rat in a non-competitive manner. This unspecific action explained why prenylamine in the cat after cocaine was a pure depressor agent and reduced the pressor action of adrenaline; furthermore, it explains why high doses caused a quinidine-like depression of cardiac muscle. Thus the “antiadrenergic” actions of prenylamine are not due to the blocking of α- or β-receptors but are merely unspecific effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Oxyfedrine ; norephedrine ; man ; urinary excretion ; sympathomimetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After oral administration of oxyfedrine to healthy volunteers, norephedrine was identified in the urine by thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrography. 30 hours after single oral doses of 8, 16 or 24 mg of oxyfedrine, about 4, 8 and 9 mg, respectively, of norephedrine were found in the urine, i.e. on a molar base 75–100% of the dose was excreted as norephedrine. The peak of excretion occurred within 2–4 hours after administration of the drug. No accumulation of oxyfedrine and/or its metabolite was observed after administration of 16 mg of oxyfedrine t.i.d. for three days. It could not be decided whether oxyfedrine was metabolized to norephedrine by liver enzymes, as in rats, or was spontaneously degraded to norephedrine, e.g. in duodenal fluid before absorption. 30–150 min after oral oxyfedrine (24 mg) norephedrine was demonstrable in duodenal fluid. Thus, in addition to the directβ-sympathomimetic effects of oxyfedrine, it may also have indirect sympathomimetic effects because of the noradrenaline-releasing properties of its metabolite norephedrine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sympathetic activity ; plasma catecholamine concentration ; dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity ; graded physical exercise ; heart rate ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 11 healthy untrained volunteers the increase in plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity during graded physical exercise has been examined as a true measure of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The correlation between DBH activity, catecholamine concentration (CA) in plasma and heart rate was studied. When work on an electrically braked bicycle ergometer was gradually increased from 12.5 to 100, 200 and 300 watts there was a linear increase in DBH activity and heart rate; the increase in CA concentrations followed an exponential function. The peak values for DBH activity and CA concentration in plasma after the 300 watt work load (as percentages of the resting levels) were 130±3% and 820±71%, respectively; the adrenaline concentration in plasma increased only to 150±19% (p〉0.05). There were significant correlations between heart rate and work load, DBH and work load and log CA and work load. The data imply direct correlations between heart rate and DBH, heart rate and log CA and DBH and log CA. The exponential increase in noradrenaline concentration in plasma might be due either to a greater net “overflow” from sympathetic nerve endings, and/or to increased secretion by the adrenal medulla. In the latter case, the release of noradrenaline would not be accompanied by secretion either of adrenaline or DBH. After work ceased there were sharp falls in heart rate and CA concentration, which indicate an immediate drop in sympathetic activity. DBH activity in plasma returned to normal very slowly; it reached half maximum values after 20 – 22 min. It is concluded that increased sympathetic activity in man can be estimated in vivo as changes in DBH and/or CA concentration in plasma. In contrast, a rapid decrease in sympathetic activity is directly reflected only by a rapid fall in the plasma concentrations of CA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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