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  • Key words Urea decomposition  (2)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (1)
  • Hydrazinium reduction  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Pretreatment method ; Hydrazinium reduction ; Nitrate determination ; Brackish water ; Sep-Pak C18 cartridge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hydrazinium reduction technique has so far been inapplicable to the determination of nitrate in brackish water and seawater due to interference from magnesium ions. We developed a pretreatment method for brackish water and seawater samples for the determination of nitrate based on the hydrazinium reduction technique. Magnesium ions in water samples were converted to a precipitate of a complex with oxine (8-quinolinol) at pH 9.5, and then the precipitate was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min. The extra oxine in the resulting sample (the supernatant liquid), which inhibits the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, was removed using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Thus we achieved the preparation of a magnesium-free water sample. Using the hydrazinium reduction technique with the proposed pretreatment method, nitrate in brackish water and seawater as well as fresh water was quantitatively determined with high accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Urea decomposition ; Diel variation ; Lake Nakaumi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diel variations in urea decomposing activity in the euphotic zone of brackish Lake Nakaumi were measured under fixed light intensity. The decomposition rate of urea was 17 to 44 μ mol urea m−3 h−1 in the light and 10 to 27 μ mol urea m−3 h−1 in the dark. Higher decomposition rates were obtained in the upper euphotic zone. A clear diel periodicity in the urea decomposition rate was observed, with high rates from 1200 to 1600 and low rates from 0000 to 0400. Chlorophyll a specific decomposing activity ranged from 12 to 21 μg urea C mg chl.a −1 h−1 in the light and 7 to 13 μg urea C mg chl.a −1 h−1 in the dark. In the light, high values were obtained from 1600 to 2000 and low values from 0400 to 0800. The diel change in specific decomposing activity exhibited a similar pattern to that of the photosynthetic assimilation number, following the diel change in photosynthetic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Urea decomposition ; Size fraction ; Phytoplankton ; Lake Nakaumi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of brackish phytoplankton cell classes upon the response of urea decomposition was investigated in Lake Nakaumi. The urea decomposition rate was 5 to 350 μmol urea m−3 h−1 in the light and 3 to 137 μmol urea m−3 h−1 in the dark. The urea decomposition rates in the light were obviously higher than in the dark. An extremely high rate (350 μmol urea m−3 h−1) was observed in Yonago Bay. The rate in the smaller fraction (〈5 μm) exceeded that in the middle (5–25 μm) and larger fractions (〉25 μm). The chlorophyll- and photosynthesis-specific rates for urea decomposition in the light were 0.5 to 3.9 μmol urea mg chl.a −1 h−1 and 0.3 to 1.3 μmol urea mg photo.C−1. The specific urea decomposing activities were higher in the smaller fraction than in the other two fractions. The present results suggest that in brackish waters urea decomposition occurred with coupling to the standing crop and photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 501-515 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic and geometrical structures of exchange-coupled open-shell systems such as bis(methylene) methane and the chromium-methylene cation were investigated by the molecular orbital and its extended methods: RHF, UHF, UNO-CAS, RMP, UMP, PUMP, APUMP, UCCSD(T), UNO-CI and QCISD(T). The fully optimized geometries of these species by the energy gradients of UMPn solutions are consistent with the experimental values. The total energies of the lowest and highest spin states were calculated in order to elucidate the effective exchange integrals in the Heisenberg model for methylene and bis(methylene) methane. The spin projection is necessary for the UHF-based wavefunctions in the lowest spin state of the species. The binding energies for the chromium cation-methylene double bond were calculated by both spin-unprojected and -projected methods. It was found that the binding energy between Cr+ and 3CH2 by APUHF QCISD(T) is in accord with the experimental value. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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