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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol-induced CTA mediated by acetaldehyde through central catecholamine activity (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde ; Ethanol ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Pre-exposure ; Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible involvement of catecholamines (CA) in the mediation of acetaldehyde's conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was examined by testing the effects of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor) on the CTAs produced by acetaldehyde. AMPT blocked the acquisition of the CTA normally produced by a low dose of acetaldehyde (0.2 g/kg), but had no significant effect on CTA produced by a high dose of acetaldehyde (0.3 g/kg). In a second study, acetaldehyde's role in the CTA produced by ethanol was investigated using the pre-exposure conditioned taste aversion paradigm. Pre-exposure to acetaldehyde (both doses) blocked the ethanol CTAs but when pre-exposure with acetaldehyde was coupled with AMPT, only the larger dose of acetaldehyde blocked the ethanol aversion. These results suggest that while the CTA to the low dose of acetaldehyde may be primarily central and catecholamine-mediated, the mechanism underlying the high dose CTA is probably peripheral and emetic in nature. These findings support the conclusion that acetaldehyde may be mediating many of the actions of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244077
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to extinction of an avoidance response in rats following the administration of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) or diazepam (Valium) (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 38 (1974), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rat ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Diazepam ; Extinction ; Avoidance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a one-way avoidance task with rats, injections of Librium (chlordiazepoxide) following avoidance acquisition resulted in prolonged resistance-to-extinction of the avoidance response. This effect occurred regardless of whether the rats had had prior experience with Librium or whether they were naive with respect to the drug. The same results were found with the same task when low doses of Valium were used. However, at a higher dosage an “extreme reaction” of either no responding or a high number of responses to extinction occurred in the naive animals. The Librium and Valium effects were compared to similar effects obtained using ethanol and hashish resin. These results indicate that the novelty hypothesis as originally stated by Amit and Baum cannot be supported because experience with the drugs prior to avoidance training did not attenuate the drug effect on avoidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421375
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reinforcing action of morphine and its paradoxical side effect (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 52 (1977), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Lithium chloride ; Reinforcement ; Conditioned taste aversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to run down a runway for food in the goal box, and were then tested with one trial per day for 5 days. After running in the runway and eating in the goal box each rat was injected with a drug and returned to the empty goal box for 50 min. Over the 5 trials, rats that received morphine sulphate increased their running speed approximately 400% while the amount of food they ate in the goal box decreased to about 70% of baseline values. The running speed of rats that received lithium chloride decreased to about 30%, while the amount of food they ate decreased to less than 10% of baseline. These two variables did not change for rats that received saline injections. The large increases in running speed observed in the rats that received morphine injections were attributed to an interaction (but not simple summation) between the positive reinforcing effects of morphine and food. The accompanying paradoxical decrease in amount eaten was discussed in terms of the complex pharmacological properties of morphine and it was suggested that morphine may have a reinforcing effect on behavior that is independent of its affective properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426601
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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