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  • Deglutition disorders  (5)
  • Ultrastructure  (4)
  • Connective tissue  (3)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surface morphology of the perfused rabbit ovary (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 240 (1987), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Surface epithelium ; Perfusion ; Rabbit ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using transmission electron microscopy we examined the morphology of the surface epithelium of the isolated and perfused rabbit ovary after an ovulatory dose of HCG. Rupture of follicles occurred in vitro approximately 13 h after HCG-injection and 6 h after the start of perfusion. The ultrastructural changes during the perfusion were similar to those occurring in vivo. The perfused ovarian epithelium had villous processes of varied architectural complexity with squamoid and cuboid epithelial cells. The superficial cells contained pinocytotic vesicles, coated and noncoated endocytotic caveolae, and occasional vacuoles. Dense bodies were more commonly found in vitro than in vivo. Occasionally structures similar to “Call-Exner-bodies” were found on the surface epithelium near to preovulatory follicles. Intercellular spaces of various sizes were also numerous. Disappearance of surface epithelium in the apex of follicles was often observed and the matrix of the tunica albuginea consisted of dissociated fibers and degenerating cells. This study showed that the isolated perfused rabbit ovary can serve as a model for studying the biology and pathology of ovarian surface epithelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02134062
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinically probable brainstem stroke presenting primarily as dysphagia and nonvisualized by MRI (1993)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Dysphagia ; Brainstem stroke/infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Swallowing ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ten patients with clinically probable brain-stem stroke presenting primarily as acute dysphagia but without visible brainstem abnormality by MRI are described. The patients were evaluated with neurologic examinations, cinepharyngoesophagography, and brain MRI studies. Each patient solely or predominately experienced sudden pharyngeal dysphagia, and additional symptoms or signs other than dysphonia or dysarthria were scarce. Small vessel disease or cardiac embolism were the apparent causes of what appear to have been very discrete brainstem strokes in these patients. Acute pharyngeal dysphagia can be the sole or primary manifestation of brainstem stroke. A negative MRI study should not preclude consideration of this diagnosis, if brainstem stroke is otherwise clinically probable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354544
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Swallowing therapy of neurologic patients: Correlation of outcome with pretreatment variables and therapeutic methods (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Dysphagia ; Swallowing therapy ; Swallowing rehabilitation ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The results of swallowing therapy in 58 patients with neurologic disorders are presented. All patients received tube feeding, either partially or exclusively, at admission, and successful outcomes, defined as exclusively oral feeding, were achieved in 67% of patients over a median treatment interval of 15 weeks. A subset of 11 patients who had experienced disease onset 25 weeks or more prior to admission nonetheless had a similar success rate of 64%. No other pretreatment variable, including age, localization of lesion, type or degree of aspiration, or cognitive status, correlated with successful outcome. Indirect therapy methods such as stimulation techniques and exercises to enhance the swallowing reflex, alter muscle tone, and improve voluntary function of the orofacial, lingual, and laryngeal musculature were utilized in all but 1 patient. Direct methods including compensatory strategies such as head and neck positioning, and techniques such as supraglottic swallowing and the Mendelsohn maneuver were additionally employed in nearly one-half of patients. Swallowing therapy is associated with successful outcome, as defined by exclusively oral feeding, among patients with neurogenic dysphagia, regardless of pretreatment variables including time since disease onset. Indirect treatment methods appear to be effective when used either alone or in combination with direct methods. Achievement of oral feeding is not associated with undue risk of pneumonia. Further rigorous scientific studies are needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261272
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders ; Iatrogenic disorders ; Neurogenic dysphagia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction may relate to either medication side effects or surgical complications. There are several general mechanisms by which neurological side effects of medications can cause or aggravate oropharyngeal dysphagia. These include decreased level of arousal, direct suppression of brainstem swallowing regulation, movement disorders (dyskinesias, dystonias, and parkinsonism), neuromuscular junction blockade, myopathy, oropharyngeal sensory impairment, and disturbance of salivation. Postsurgical oropharyngeal dysphagia due to neurological dysfunction has been described in association with carotid endarterectomy, esophageal cancer surgery, anterior cervical fusion, and ventral rhizotomy for spasmodic torticollis. A potential explanation for oropharyngeal dysphagia following these surgical procedures is intraoperative mechanical disruption of the innervation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles by the pharyngeal plexus. Posterior fossa and skull base surgery can lead to dysphagia as a result of intraoperative damage to brainstem centers and/or cranial nerves involved in swallowing. Perioperative stroke is the most likely explanation for oropharyngeal dysphagia appearing acutely following surgery, especially if the type of surgery predisposes to embolism or hypoperfusion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431417
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neurogenic dysphagia: What is the cause when the cause is not obvious? (1994)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 9 (1994), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Neurogenic dysphagia ; Oropharyngeal dysfunction ; Videofluoroscopy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The potential causes of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia in cases in which the underlying neurologic disorder is not readily apparent are discussed. The most common basis for unexplained neurogenic dysphagia may be cerebrovascular disease in the form of either confluent periventricular infacts or small, discrete brainstem stroke, which may be invisible by magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis of occult stroke causing pharyngeal dysphagia should not be overlooked, because this diagnosis carries important treatment implications. Motor neuron disease producing bulbar palsy, pseudobulbar palsy, or a combination of the two can present as gradually progressive dysphagia and dysarthria with little if any limb involvement. Myopathies, especially polymyositis, and myasthenia gravis are potentially treatable disorders that must be considered. A variety of medications may cause or exacerbate neurogenic dysphagia. Psychiatric disorders can masquerade as swallowing apraxia. The basis for unexplained neurogenic dysphagia can best be elucidated by methodical evaluation including careful history, neurologic examination, videofluoroscopy of swallowing, blood studies (CBC, chemistry panel, creatine kinase, B12, thyroid screening, and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies), electromyography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, plus additional procedures such as lumbar puncture and muscle biopsy as indicated. Little is known about aging and neurogenic dysphagia, specifically the relative contributions of natural age-related changes in the oropharynx and of diseases of the elderly, including periventricular MRI abnormalities, in producing dysphagia symptoms and videofluoroscopic abnormalities in this population.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301918
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cricopharyngeal myotomy may be effective treatment for selected patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Cricopharyngeal myotomy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders ; Neurogenic dysphagia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The role of cricopharyngeal (CP) myotomy in the management of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia remains controversial. A review of the literature regarding outcomes of CP myotomy for dysphagia in the setting of a variety of neurological disorders indicates a preponderance of favorable results. There are several potential explanations for reported improvement after CP myotomy for neurogenic dysphagia, including the possibility that it is an effective treatment, at least for selected patients. If this is true, appropriate selection criteria for this treatment of neurogenic dysphagia may include (1) intact voluntary initiation of swallowing, (2) adequate propulsive force generated by the tongue and pharyngeal constrictors, (3) videofluorographic demonstration of obstruction to bolus flow at the CP segment (rather than merely retention in the pharyngeal recesses), (4) manometric evidence of relatively elevated CP pressure in relation to the pharynx, and (5) relatively favorable neurological prognosis. The effectiveness and safety of CP myotomy for patients with neurogenic dysphagia are unlikely to be resolved without a prospective, controlled multicenter study enrolling patients who meet such criteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431418
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blasenzellen im Bindegewebe des Schlundrings von Cepaea nemoralis L. (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 100-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Globular cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Blasenzellen stellen ein typisches Zellelement im Bindegewebe der Gastropoden dar. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Cepaea nemoralis haben gezeigt, daß der größte Teil einer Blasenzelle mit einer veränderlichen Glykogenmenge angefüllt ist. Diese zentrale Glykogenansammlung verdrängt das Zytoplasma mit seinen Organellen auf den peripheren Bereich der Zelle einschließlich der Zellausläufer und einen schmalen Saum um den Zellkern. Das wichtigste Identifizierungs-merkmal der Blasenzelle ist eine sehr spezialisierte — hier als Spaltenapparat bezeichnete — Oberflächendifferenzierung. Die Auswertung von Serienschnitten hat gezeigt, daß diese Oberflächenstruktur durch eine zum Teil verzweigte Invagination des extrazellulären Raumes gebildet wird, die wiederum von der Blasenzelle durch eine mäanderförmig unterbrochene Platte abgedeckt ist. Zwischen dem Spaltenapparat der Blasenzellen und dem Reusenapparat der Podozyten der Niere scheint eine Ähnlichkeit zu bestehen.
    Notizen: Summary The globular cells are typical elements of the connective tissue of Gastropods. Light- and electronmicroscopic investigations of Cepaea nemoralis have shown, that these cells are filled with variable contents of glycogen, accumulated in the centre of the cell. This crowds the cytoplasm and the cell organelles into the peripheral area, including the cell processes and a narrow band surrounding the nucleus. The typical element of the globular cell is a special differentiation of the cell surface, the so-called “Spaltenapparat”. The three-dimensional organisation of the “Spaltenapparat” has been analysed by serial ultrathin sections. The reconstruction shows, that the “Spaltenapparat” consists of numerous branched invaginations of the extracellular space covered by very small, winding cell processes; there are tiny clefts between them. There appears to be some similarity between the “Spaltenapparat” of the globular cells and the pedicels of the podocytes of the renal glomerulus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306891
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blasenzellen im Bindegewebe des Schlundrings von Cepaea nemoralis L. (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 262-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Globular cells ; Uptake of ferritin ; Endocytosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Schlundringbindegewebe von Cepaea nemoralis haben ergeben, daß — abgesehen von einigen Blutzellen—allein die Blasenzellen befähigt sind, injiziertes Ferritin aufzunehmen. Diese Substanz gelangt aus der Hämolymphe der Körperhöhle über das Gefäßsystem durch das Endothel der Kapillaren in die interzellulären Räume des Bindegewebes und von dort ausschließlich zu den Blasenzellen. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigt sich, daß die Blasenzellen das Ferritin wahrscheinlich nur durch Endozytose im Bereich des Spaltenapparates aufnehmen. Das Ferritin wird nicht von der Zelle abgebaut, sondern auf engstem Raum, zum Teil in parakristalliner Anordnung, in Endosomen gespeichert. Die Fähigkeit der Blasenzellen, Fremdstoffe selektiv aufzunehmen, läßt vermuten, daß sie eine analoge Bedeutung für die Gastropoden haben wie die Pericardialzellen für Insekten oder das Retikuloendotheliale System für die Vertebraten.
    Notizen: Summary Experimental investigations of the ganglionic connective tissue sheath of Cepaea nemoralis have shown, that — except for some blood cells — only the globular cells are capable for the uptake of injected Ferritin. This substance gets out of the hemolymph of the body cavity through the blood-vessels and capillaries, across the collagenous connective tissue into the cytoplasm of the globular cells. The globular cells take up the Ferritin by endocytosis, exclusively by the invagination of the „Spaltenapparat“. The Ferritin remaines accumulated in endosomes sometimes having a paracrystalline pattern. Because of their capability to incorporate and accumulate injected substances, the globular cells have been compared with the pericardial cells of insects respectively with the reticuloendothelial system of vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306962
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Amoebozyten und Blasenzellen von Cepaea nemoralis L. (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Amoebocytes, globular cells ; Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Endocytosis ; Selective uptake of foreign particles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Amoebozyten und Blasenzellen im Bindegewebe von Cepaea nemoralis zeigen deutliche Unterschiede in ihrer Endozytosefähigkeit. Grobe Partikeln wie Latexkugeln und Erythrozyten werden von den Amoebozyten endozytiert. Kleine Moleküle wie Ferritin und Hämoglobin werden hauptsächlich in den Blasenzellen akkumuliert, können aber auch von Amoebozyten aufgenommen werden. Dasselbe Endozytoseverhalten ist bei beiden Zellen zu beobachten, wenn Latex und Ferritin nacheinander in bestimmtem Zeitabstand angeboten werden. Die unterschiedliche Affinität der Amoebozyten und Blasenzellen zu den injizierten Fremdstoffen kann einmal durch ihre morphologische Oberflächendifferenzierung bedingt sein, zum anderen könnte ein funktionelles Zusammenwirken der Zellen im Sinne einer Arbeitsteilung vorliegen.
    Notizen: Summary Amoebocytes and globular cells in the connective tissue of Cepaea nemoralis vary in the endocytotic incorporation of foreign materials of different size. Only the amoebocytes take up the latex beads and the red blood cells. However most of the injected ferritin and hemoglobin is ingested by the globular cells; a limited endocytotic capacity has been observed for these molecules by the amoebocytes. The results are the same, even though latex beads and ferritin are injected successively in definite intervals. Therefore the different affinity of amoebocytes and globular cells to foreign particles can not depend only on the morphological differentiation of their cell surfaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307435
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of aeration status of nutrient solution on microorganisms, mucilage and ultrastructure of wheat roots (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Aeration status ; Microorganisms ; Mucilage ; Rhizosphere ; Ultrastructure ; Wheat root
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Outer layers of wheat roots grown in aerated and unaerated nutrient solutions were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Root growth was considerably impaired in unaerated nutrient solution. In contrast to aerated roots, no mucilaginous layer but dense bacterial colonization were observed on the root caps of unaerated roots. The root cap mucilage had apparently been decomposed by the microorganisms. The peripheral root cap cells of the unaerated roots appeared to contain less cell organelles than those of the aerated roots, while the central cap cells and the meristematic cells of the root tip seemed not to be affected by lack of aeration. The bacterial population in the elongation, root hair, and lateral root zones, was also remarkably higher on roots grown in unaerated nutrient solution. In the lateral root zone of unaerated roots, even the cortical cells were invaded by bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140045
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