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  • Cooperative behaviour  (1)
  • Darmperforation  (1)
  • Heat shock protein 70  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies of protection from nitric oxide toxicity in islet inflammation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase ; Heat shock protein 70 ; Interleukin-12 ; Th1/Th2 balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide is thought to contribute to beta cell destruction during islet inflammation in animal models of type I diabetes. In vitro, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects islet cells from the damaging effects of inflammatory cells or cytokines. However, the administration of several inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors to prediabetic animals had variable effects on disease progression. An alternative approach is to prevent the lethal consequences of nitric oxide action at the level of islet cells. We observed that the suppression of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase ensures survival of islet cells exposed to nitric oxide. Cells could also be rendered resistant by the induction of endogenous stress proteins in particular of heat shock protein 70. Nitric oxide is not only a strong cytotoxic agent, but is also able to modulate immune reactions by interfering with Th1/Th2 reactivities. This may occur via induction of the interleukin-12 antagonist IL-12(p40)2. Development of type I diabetes is known to be correlated with a shift from a Th2 status during benign insulitis to a Th1 status during destructive insulitis. This shift was found dependent on local interleukin-12 gene expression. Indeed, administration of a natural interleukin-12 antagonist suppressed the progression of islet inflammation and concomitant upregulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050298
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mukormykose als Ursache einer nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis (1998)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Frühgeborene ; Mukormykose ; Nekrotisierende Enterokolitis ; Darmperforation ; Amphotericin B ; Key words Preterm ; Mucormycosis ; Necrotizing enterocolitis ; Intestinal perforation ; Amphotericin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is rare and occurs predominantly in the immunocompromised patient. Earlier case reports on affected preterms described a perforation of the stomach or of the bowel or the patients had signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. We report on a premature infant of 24 weeks of gestation with a bowel perforation. A mucormycosis of the intestine was proven by culture and by histological examination. There was no pneumatosis intestinalis, the bowel perforation happened very early and the small bowel showed a reduced perfusion. These points could allow a differentiation from a typical necrotizing enterocolitis. This is of importance, since a very early diagnosis and a rapid beginning of treatment (surgical extirpation, Amphotericin B) may improve the bad prognosis of a mucormycosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die gastrointestinale Mukormykose ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild. Betroffene Frühgeborene fallen durch eine Perforation im Magen-Darm-Trakt oder eine nekrotisierende Enterokolitis auf. Wir stellen ein Frühgeborenes der 24. SSW mit einer Darmperforation vor, bei dem eine Mukormykose des Darms sowohl durch die Kultur als auch im histologischen Präparat nachgewiesen wurde. Im Gegensatz zur „klassischen” nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis lag keine Pneumatosis intestinalis vor, es kam sehr früh zu einer Darmperforation, und der Dünndarm zeigte eine ausgeprägte Minderperfusion. Diese Punkte könnten die Differenzierung zwischen gastrointestinaler Mukormykose und typischer nekrotisierender Enterokolitis erleichtern, was von Bedeutung ist, da nur die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung einen raschen Therapiebeginn (chirurgische Sanierung, Amphotericin B) und damit eine Verbesserung der schlechten Prognose ermöglicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050242
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social relationships and individual contribution to cooperative behaviour in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (1991)
    Springer
    Primates 32 (1991), S. 183-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Callithrix jacchus ; Cooperative behaviour ; Infant carrying ; Defence against intruders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The social relationships between the members of a family consisting of eight captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are here examined, as well as the participation of individual family members in infant carrying and defensive behaviour against non-related intruders (adolescent males). Within the social relationships, a clear division of the family into three subgroups (parents, adult offspring, non-adult offspring) could be determined, whereby the adult offspring, especially with respect to the parents, occupy a peripheral position. In the types of cooperative behaviour examined here, substantial participation in infant carrying could be observed in only four family members (parents, adult son, one subadult daughter), and in defence against intruders in only two family members (adult son, one subadult daughter). Participation in infant carrying remained stable throughout the study period. Conversely, individual changes in participation in defence against intruders could be determined, dependent upon the presence of infants carried. The advantages and disadvantages of social substructuring observed are discussed here, in particular the peripheral position of adult offspring, possible connections in individually varied participation in cooperative behaviour, and possible regulative mechanisms. In view of past studies on cooperative behaviour among marmosets, it is here presumed that pronounced individual differences result from a division of labour within the family with respect to various aspects of cooperative behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381175
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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