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  • Copolymer depot  (1)
  • Postoperative morbidity  (1)
  • Rat  (1)
  • academic freedom  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal obstruction promotes gut translocation of bacteria (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 640-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Bacterial translocation ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Postoperative morbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Translocation of enteric organisms has been implicated as a possible source of sepsis in susceptible patients. Animal studies have suggested that intestinal obstruction promotes bacterial translocation from the gut lumen. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of bacterial translocation in patients with and without intestinal obstruction. METHODS: Serosal scrapings, mesenteric lymph nodes, and peripheral blood cultures were obtained from 254 patients. Scrapings and nodes were homogenized and incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Full-thickness biopsies underwent villous height analysis. The clinical course was followed for at least six weeks. RESULTS: Bacterial translocation to mesenteric nodes occurred more frequently in patients with large bowel obstruction than in patients without obstruction (14 of 36 patients vs.16 of 218 patients;P〈0.001). Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were found to translocate. The more distal the obstruction, the more likely anaerobic bacteria were to be identified. Translocation of bacteria predisposed to postoperative septic complications (P〈0.05). Villous height was not related to bacterial translocation. CONCLUSIONS: Gut translocation of bacteria is more common in patients with intestinal obstruction, and its association with septic complications appears to be of clinical significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054126
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained release of salmon calcitonin in vivo from lactide: Glycolide copolymer depots (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Sustained release ; Copolymer depot ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Studies were carried out to determine whether monolithic depot formulations, prepared using lactide:glycolide copolymers, could be used to administer salmon calcitonin (sCT) to rats in vivo. Formulations containing 2, 5, or 10% (w/w) sCT were administered subcutaneously to female Wistar strain rats. Release of sCT was determined by measurement of peptide in plasma using a specific radioimmunoassay and by measurement of residual sCT in the depots after recovery at postmortem. Plasma calcium concentrations and cumulative weight gain of the animals were used to measure pharmacological effects of the released sCT. Release of sCT from the depots was controlled by the copolymer and was sustained for periods up to 10 days. However, the release of sCT from the depots did not significantly alter plasma calcium concentrations, and effects on cumulative weight gain were small and transient. Peptide loading of the formulations was shown to modify sCT release. Maximal release of sCT from depots containing 10% peptide occurred over a 7 to 14-day period postadministration, with 5% sCT release occurred between days 11 and 14, and with 2% sCT, the period of maximal release was between days 11 and 18. Release of peptide from the depots was essentially complete by 21 days postadministration irrespective of the peptide loading. These data suggest that lactide:glycolide copolymer depots may have application for the convenient clinical administration of sCT in metabolic bone diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310200
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The university, democracy, and the challenge to meritocracy (1992)
    Springer
    Interchange 23 (1992), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1790
    Keywords: democracy ; academic freedom ; meritocracy ; tenure ; achievement (versus ascription) ; ascription ; truth ; equal opportunity ; socio-economic status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Abstract Universities can undergird democracy in two ways. First, they can promote and defend truth, which is antithetical to despotism and a natural progenitor of democracy, but they do so only as the university itself is meritocratic and courageous in its adherence to canons of intellectual rigour and academic integrity. Second, universities are, or can be, engines of opportunity and of the ascendence of achievement over ascription—and thus of democratization. However, absent efforts to the contrary, the natural tendency of universities is to perpetuate or even to widen the effects of ascription: for example, social class, race, or gender. A truly democratic university, then, must find ways to select among students and to distribute its benefits in ways that are still meritocratic, but that weaken rather than accelerate the transmission of the status and wealth into which one is born.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435219
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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