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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Dermatology IL-10 ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Psoriasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With its antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays a dominant role in several immune reactions including regulatory mechanisms in the skin. The overexpression of this mediator has been reported in some inflammatory dermatoses as well as in various skin tumors. These observations are of importance since they may explain the limitation of hyperinflammatory conditions as in eczemas and erythemas on the one hand and the suppression of an adequate antitumor response and thereby the progression of malignant tumors on the other hand. Moreover, elevated IL-10 expression might contribute to an enhanced risk of development of microbacterial superinfections, a frequent finding in several dermatoses, and might also be involved in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases. In contrast, recent studies indicate a relative IL-10 deficiency in psoriasis. Early clinical data from psoriatic patients treated with recombinant human IL-10 suggest the therapeutic potential of this cytokine and underline its impact on the regulation of the skin immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cytokines ; brain tumours ; neurosurgery ; cerebrospinal fluid ; brain injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the role of cytokines in brain repair processes and in local inflammation after neurosurgical procedures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 8 patients with intra-axial tumours and 8 patients with extra-axial tumours were analysed for interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha at the beginning and after surgery. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 increased dramatically in all patients just hours after surgery and fell during subsequent days. IL-1beta was found only in low amounts in the CSF of both patient groups. Other cytokines demonstrated different courses. In patients with intra-axial tumours IL-1ra peaked two to four hours after surgery with a subsequent decrease. In patients with extra-axial tumours there was a continuous low-level IL-1ra release into the CSF without a peak. TNF-alpha was not present in detectable levels in the CSF after surgery for extra-axial tumours but was found to peak two to four hours after surgery for intra-axial tumours. IL-10 was detected in the CSF of both patient groups, but a higher peak was seen after surgery for extra-axial tumours. These results suggest different requirements for the cytokine response and an involvement of different cell types in cytokine release. However, the analysis of the CSF from both patient groups showed no differences in cell counts and populations, with a mild pleocytosis being present in both patient groups after surgery. Therefore, we conclude that after surgery for extra-axial tumours cytokines were predominately produced by non-immune cells stimulated through hypoxia or mechanical irritation. After surgery for intra-axial tumours with a significant brain injury immune cells — activated by necrotic material —seem to be involved in the process of cytokine synthesis. In these cases an additional IL-1ra and TNF-alpha peak was found and these cytokines may be markers for cerebral injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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