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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 114 (2000), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Pentaplex ; Multiplex ; STR ; DNA typing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract In 1998 the Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany (BKA) established a central genetic database of offenders and suspects to facilitate comparisons with biological samples from future criminal offences. The five obligatory short tandem repeat (STR) loci in this database (TH01, SE33, vWA, FGA and D21S11) were co-amplified in a new PCR pentaplex analysing system together with the sex-specific locus amelogenin. Due to overlapping fragment sizes, amplification products were fluorescent dye-labelled with different colours, separated by electrophoresis and detected directly using the ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained from as low as 125 pg template DNA, indicating high specificity and sensitivity of the assay. Environmental studies and enzymatic digest with DNase I revealed an excellent stability of the pentaplex system with typeable results even in cases of partially degraded DNA. Complete and reproducible DNA typing was possible in bloodstain mixtures with the minor component as low as 10%. Mean stutter peak intensities were analysed for all loci and ranged from 2.7 ± 0.8% (TH01) to 10.6 ± 1.6% (vWA) of the main signal intensity. Allele frequencies were determined in a North Bavarian population sample (n = 121). The combination of five systems resulted in a mean exclusion chance of 99.86% and a power of discrimination of 99.999996%. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 521-524 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis B Antigen ; Enzyme-Immunoassay ; Radioimmunoassay ; Blood Donors ; Hepatitis BsAntigen ; Enzym-Immunoassay ; Radioimmunoassay ; Blutspender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer Vergleichsuntersuchung wurden die Seren von 12080 unbezahlten Blutspendern mit dem Enzym-Immunoassay (EIA) und dem Radioimmunoassay (RIA) auf HBs-Antigen untersucht. Im EIA-Screeningtest wurde ein relativ hoher Prozentsatz nicht reproduzierbarer positiver Reaktionen festgestellt, der im wesentlichen durch ungenügendes Waschen bedingt ist. Wurde der EIA mit einer automatischen Waschapparatur durchgeführt, so konnte dieser Prozentsatz deutlich gesenkt werden. Nach Neutralisation wurden 0,31% positive Proben im EIA und im RIA festgestellt. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß praktisch keine Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit zwischen diesen beiden Tests bestehen. Der EIA benötigt eine längere Inkubationszeit als der RIA. Der EIA hat jedoch den Vorteil, daß er nicht mit radioaktiven Substanzen arbeitet, keine kostspielige Ausrüstung erfordert und daß die Resultate sofort ablesbar sind. Der EIA ist ohne Schwierigkeiten durchzuführen, zwei med.-techn. Assistentinnen können etwa 1000 Seren pro Tag untersuchen.
    Notes: Summary In a comparative study 12,080 sera from unpaid donors were tested simultaneously for Hepatitis B Antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). A relatively high number of sera reacted positive in the EIA-screening test but were negative after repeated investigation. This percentage could be markedly reduced when using an automated washing apparatus. After neutralization 0.31 per cent were considered as true positive in EIA and RIA, thus demonstrating that no differences did exist as far as sensitivity is concerned. The EIA needs more incubation time than the RIA, however, the EIA has the advantage of using enzyme-labelled antibodies instead of radio-iodinated reagents. The results are read immediately and no sophisticated equipment is required. The EIA is easy to handle, two technicians can perform 1000 tests per day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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