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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 82 (1990), S. 18-25 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Desert shrubs ; Larrea tridentata ; Nitrogen cycling ; Insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We tested the hypothesis that herbivorous insects on desert shrubs contribute to short-term nitrogen cycling, and increase rates of nitrogen flux from nutrient rich plants. Creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrubs were treated with different combinations of fertilizer and water augmentations, resulting in different levels of foliage production and foliar nitrogen contents. Foliage arthropod populations, and nitrogen in canopy dry throughfall, wet throughfall and stemflow were measured to assess nitrogen flux rates relative to arthropod abundances on manipulated and unmanipulated shrubs over a one-month period during peak productivity. Numbers and biomass of foliage arthropods were significantly higher on fertilized shrubs. Sap-sucking phytophagous insects accounted for the greatest numbers of foliage arthropods, but leaf-chewing phytophagous insects represented the greatest biomass of foliage arthropods. Measured amounts of bulk frass (from leaf-chewing insects) were not significantly different among the various treatments. Amounts of nitrogen from dry and wet throughfall and stemflow were significantly greater under fertilized shrubs due to fine frass input from sap-sucking insects. Increased numbers and biomass of phytophagous insects on fertilized shrubs increased canopy to soil nitrogen flux due to increased levels of herbivory and excrement. Nitrogen excreted by foliage arthropods accounted for about 20% of the total one month canopy to soil nitrogen flux, while leaf litter accounted for about 80%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 166-175 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Desert shrubs ; Larrea tridentata ; Nitrogen ; Plant-insect interactions ; Phytophagous insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We conducted a field study to test the hypothesis that creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrubs growing in naturally nutrient-rich sites had better quality foliage and supported greater populations of foliage arthropods than shrubs growing in nutrient-poor sites. Nutrient-rich sites had significantly higher concentrations of soil nitrogen than nutrient-poor sites. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between high nutrient and low nutrient shrubs based on a number of structural and chemical characteristics measured. High nutrient shrubs were larger, had denser foliage, greater foliage production, higher concentrations of foliar nitrogen and water, and lower concentrations of foliar resin than low nutrient shurbs. Numbers of foliage arthropods, particularly herbivores and predators, were significantly higher on high nutrient shrubs. Shrub characteristics and foliage arthropod abundances varied considerably from shrub to shrub. Shrub characteristics representing shrub size, foliage density, foliage growth, and foliar nitrogen and water concentrations were positively correlated with arthropod abundances. Foliar resin concentrations were negatively correlated with foliage arthropod abundances. The positive relationship between creosotebush productivity and foliage arthropods is contradictory to the tenet that physiologically stressed plants provide better quality foliage to insect herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 306-313 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation and Structure of the Pentabromocarbonate Anion [CBr5⊖]n - On the Oxidation of En-aminesOxidation of enamines 5 with tetrabromomethane yields stable crystalline pentabromocarbonates 6, which may easily be converted into the corresponding perchlorates 7. From the pentabromocarbonates, tetrabromomethane cannot be extracted either by organic solvents or by heating in vacuo; with silver nitrate, however, silver bromide can be precipitated from tetraphenylphosphonium pentabromocarbonate (9). If labelled 9 - prepared from tetraphenylphosphonium [82Br]bromide and tetrabromomethane - is treated with silver nitrate, all the activity is found in the silver bromide precipitate. This is clear evidence against a trigonal bipyramidal structure of the pentabromocarbonate anion CBr5⊖]n.
    Notes: Bei der Oxidation von Enaminen 5 mit Tetrabrommethan entstehen stabile kristalline Pentabromocarbonate 6, die sich leicht in die entsprechenden Perchlorate 7 überführen lassen. Aus den Pentabromocarbonaten kann Tetrabrommethan weder durch Extraktion mit organischen Solventien noch durch Erhitzen i. Vak. abgespalten werden, mit Silbernitrat kann jedoch aus Tetraphenylphosphonium-pentabromocarbonat (9)Silberbromid ausgefällt werden. Bei der Umsetzung von markiertem 9 - dargestellt aus [82Br] Tetraphenylphosphoniumbromid und Tetrabrommethan - mit Silbernitrat findet man die Gesamtaktivität im Silberbromid-Niederschlag. Dies spricht gegen die Struktur einer trigonalen Bipyramide für das CBr5⊖]n-Anion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Combined with the sudden increase of the susceptibility of antiferromagnetic VO2 at a temperature of about 70°C, the electric conductivity of VO2 is strongly increased, too. Isomorphic substitution of V4+-ions by Ti4+-ions disturbs the antiferromagnetic interaction within the lattice. VO2—TiO2-mixed crystals exhibit higher susceptibilities and conductivities than pure VO2 does; there is a reduced increase of both the susceptibility and conductivity at about 70°C.The spectrum of reflection of VO2 is changed by Ti4+-ions in the same manner like that of pure VO2 when heated above 70°C.
    Notes: Mit dem sprunghaften Anstieg der Susceptibilität von reinem VO2 bei ∼ +70°C ist ein starker Anstieg der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit verbunden. Durch isomorphen Ersatz von V4+ durch Ti1+ werden die antiferromagnetischen Wechselwirkungen im VO2-Gitter gestört. Dies gibt sich an VO2—TiO2-Mischkristallen durch einen Anstieg der Susceptibilität und der Leitfähigkeit sowie durch eine Erniedrigung des Susceptibilitäts- und Leitfähigkeitssprunges in der Gegend von +70°C zu erkennen.Die Farbkurven von VO2 zeigen bei Einbau von Ti4+-Ionen in das VO2-Gitter die gleichen charakteristischen Veränderungen, wie sie bei reinem VO2 oberhalb +70°C auftreten.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 285 (1956), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Darstellung von zwei Natriumvanadaten(IV), Na2VO3 und Na2V2O5, beschrieben. Entsprechende Lithiumvanadate(IV) konnten nicht erhalten werden; die Umsetzung zwischen Li2O und VO2 führt bei 700° zu Vanadin(III)- und Vanadin(V)-verbindungen.CaVO3, aus CaO und VO2 bei 800° erhältlich, kristallisiert im Perowskitgitter mit a = 3,75 ± 0,01 kX.Zwischen Kobaltvanadin(III)-spinell, CoV2O4 mit a = 8,39 kX und Kobaltvanadin(IV)-spinell, Co2VO4, existiert eine Mischphase, die von 0-90 Mol-% VO2 reicht. Der reine Vanadin(IV)-spinell läßt sich nicht darstellen, weil bei der Umsetzung von VO2 mit CoO in geringem Umfang stets eine Disproportionierung des V4+ eintritt. Eine dem Kobalttitan(IV)-oxyd, CoTiO3, entsprechende Verbindung tritt im System CoO—VO2 nicht auf, doch lassen sich im Titanat unter Erhaltung der Ilmenitstruktur bis 50% der Ti4+-Ionen durch V4+-Ionen ersetzen.Auch die Umsetzung von 1 VO2 mit 2 MgO führt, wie jetzt gezeigt werden kann, zu keinem einheitlichen Produkt, so daß es den Anschein hat, daß reine Vanadin(IV)-spinelle, Me2VO4 (Me = Co, Zn, Mg, Mn) wegen des leichten Eintritts von Disproportionierungsreaktionen nicht existenzfähig sind.Im System Nickel - Vanadin - Sauerstoff tritt keine Spinellphase auf.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 25 (1892), S. 1261-1270 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 26 (1893), S. 1124-1139 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 63 (1930), S. 1096-1097 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 30 (1995), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; radioimmunoassay ; enzyme immunoassay ; equilibrium dialysis ; monoclonal antibody ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Numerous studies have demonstrated regulation of specific lepidopteran proteins by pharmacological doses of insect juvenile hormone (JH). In this study, topical application of a 1 pg dose of JH I to fourth stadium larvae of the black (bl) mutant strain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, induced a 50% increase in the titer of hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein (hJHBP). Radioimmunoassay confirmed that JH titers were lower in bl larvae than in wild-type larvae at the time of JH treatment. Enzyme immunoassay analysis of hJHBP titers demonstrated that regulation by JH I was dose-dependent at doses up to 10 pg and that the response was saturated above 100 pg. Western blotting and equilibrium dialysis confirmed these results and demonstrated that hJHBP from bl larvae had the same molecular mass and displayed the same affinity for JH I as hJHBP isolated from wild-type larvae. Time course studies showed that regulation was complex: 1 2 h after JH I treatment, hJHBP titers were twofold lower in treated than in control bl larvae, while 44 h after treatment they were twofold higher. JH I regulation of hJHBP titers in bl larvae was independent of changes in total hemolymph protein. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23 (1993), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: honey bee ; Apis mellifera ; juvenile hormone ; radioimmunoassay ; hemolymph ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile hormone from the hemolymph of adult worker honey bees of known age and behavioral status was extracted and analyzed by two different radioimmunoassays in two independent laboratoies. The assays are different in hapten attachment, radiolabeled tracer, and the method by which bound and unbound hormone are separated. Despite these differences in the methods, hormone determinations were in excellent agreement at lower levels (0-50 ng/ml) but diverged as the hormone concentrations increased (〉 50 ng/ml). The relative changes are in good agreement, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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