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  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Difenidol, (R)- and (S)-hexahydro- ; Antimuscarinic properties ; Muscarinic receptor subtypes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of the Enantiomers of the Selective Antimuscarinic Agent 1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-1-butanol (Hexahydro-Difenidol)Using (S)- or (R)-mandelic acid as the resolving agent, the enantiomers of 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-2-butin-1-ol [(R)-2 and (S)-2] were prepared (enantiomeric purity: ee = 99.7%; calorimetric analysis). Catalytic hydrogenation (Pd/C contact) of (R)-2 and (S)-2 yielded the enantiomers of 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-1-butanol [(R)- and (S)-hexahydro-difenidol, (R)-1a and (S)-1a] which were isolated as hydrochlorides [(R)-1a ⋅ HCl and (S)-1a ⋅ HCl, ee = 99.7%]. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers of 1a and 2 was determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the mandelate (S)-1a ⋅ (R)-C6H5CH(OH)COOH. (R)-Hexahydro-difenidol [(R)-1a] and (R)-2 exhibit a higher affinity for the atrial M2α and ileal M2β muscarinic receptors of the guinea pig than the respective antipodes (S)-1a and (S)-2 (atrial stereoselectivity index: 17 and 8.6, respectively; ileal stereoselectivity index: 193 and 44, respectively). In addition, (R)-1a and (R)-2 exhibit a significantly higher affinity for the M2β receptors of the ileum than for the M2α receptors of the atrium (atrium/ileum ratio: 21 and 10, respectively). Thus, (R)-1a and (R)-2 are valuable tools for the identification and characterization of muscarinic M2 subtypes. In contrast, the less potent (S)-enantiomers of 1a and 2 do not differentiate between M2α and M2β receptors.
    Notes: Durch Racematspaltung mit (S)- bzw. (R)-Mandelsäure wurden die Enantiomere von 1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-2-butin-1-ol [(R)-2 und (S)-2] dargestellt (Enantiomerenreinheit: ee = 99.7%, kalorimetrische Analyse). Katalytische Hydrierung (Pd/C-Kontakt) von (R)-2 und (S)-2 ergab die Enantiomere von 1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-1-butanol [(R)- und (S)-Hexahydro-Difenidol, (R)-1a und (S)-1a], die als Hydrochloride (R)-1a ⋅ HCl und (S)-1a ⋅ HCl isoliert wurden (ee = 99.7%). Die absolute Konfiguration der Enantiomere von 1a und 2 wurde durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse des Mandelats (S)-1a ⋅ (R)-C6H5CH(OH)COOH bestimmt. (R)-Hexahydro-Difenidol [(R)-1a] und (R)-2 besitzen eine höhere Affinität zu den atrialen M2α-und ilealen M2β-Muscarinrezeptoren des Meerschweinchens als die entsprechenden Antipoden (S)-1a und (S)-2 (atrialer Stereoselektivitätsindex: 17 bzw. 8.6; ilealer Stereoselektivitätsindex: 193 bzw. 44). Darüber hinaus besitzen (R)-1a und (R)-2 eine signifikant höhere Affinität zu den M2β-Rezeptoren des Ileums als zu den M2α-Rezeptoren des Atriums und sind somit wertvolle Modellverbindungen zur Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von muscarinischen M2-Subtypen (Atrium/Ileum-Quotient: 21 bzw. 10). Im Gegensatz hierzu vermögen die schwächer wirksamen (S)-Enantiomere von 1a und 2 nicht zwischen den M2α- und M2β-Rezeptoren zu unterscheiden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Difenidol, p-fluoro-hexahydro-, enantiomers of ; Muscarinic receptors, subtypes of ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantiomers of the antimuscarinic agent 1-cyclohexyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidino-1-butanol [(R)- and (S)-p-fluorohexahydro-difenidol] [(R)- and (S)-2a] and their methiodides (R)-3 and (S)-3 were prepared with high enantiomeric purity. (R)-2a and (S)-2a (isolated as hydrochlorides) were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation (Pd/C contact) of the corresponding enantiomers of 1-cyclohexyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidino-2-butyn-1-ol [(R)- and (S)-4]. Reaction of (R)-2a and (S)-2a with methyl iodide led to (R)-3 and (S)-3, respectively. The unsaturated precursors (R)- and (S)-4 (enantiomeric purity ≥99.80 and ≥99.94% e.e.; calorimetric analysis) were prepared by resolution of rac-4 [available from 4-FC6H4C(O)C6H11 by reaction with LiC≡CCH2NC5H10] using (R)- and (S)-mandelic acid as resolving agents. The absolute configurations of the (R) and (S) enantiomers of 2a, 3, and 4 were determined by an X-ray crystal-structure analysis of (S)-5, the methiodide of (S)-4. (R)-2a and (R)-3 exhibit a higher affinity for muscarinic M1, M2, M3, and M4 receptors (by up to two orders of magnitude) than their corresponding antipodes (S)-2a and (S)-3, the degree of stereoselectivity depending on the receptor subtype involved. (R)-2a represents a useful tool for muscarinic receptor research (affinity profile: M1 ≈ M3 ≈ M4 〉 M2).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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