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  • apoptosis  (6)
  • Puccinia graminis tritici  (3)
  • cell death  (3)
  • ionosphere  (3)
  • ELISA  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 846-855 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Puccinia graminis tritici ; Triticum aestivum ; Monosomic analysis ; Rust resistance ; Gene identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary ‘Chris’ wheat possessed genes Sr5, Sr7a, Sr8a, Sr9g and Sr12. ‘W3746’, derived from the cross ‘Chris’/‘Baart’, possessed Sr7a and Sr12. The response conferred by Sr7a was influenced by the genetic background. Although Sr7a or Sr12 alone conferred no observable resistance upon adult plants, the adult resistances of ‘Chris’ and ‘W3746’ to predominant pathotypes appeared to be associated with the interaction of Sr7a and Sr12, or genes at closely linked loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 401-410 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Puccinia graminis tritici ; Puccinia recondita Tritici ; Triticum aestivum ; Rust resistance ; Gene identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genes for resistance toPuccinia graminis tritici andPuccinia recondita tritici identified in four South African wheats were:Sr6,Sr8a,Sr9e, andLr13 in ‘W3762’;Sr5,Sr8a,Sr9b,Sr12,Sr24,Lr13, andLr24 in ‘W3760’;Sr2,Sr24,SrC,Lr13, andLr24 in ‘W3751’; andSr7a,Sr23,Sr36, andLr16 in ‘W3755’. GenesSr2,Sr9e, andSr24 also conferred adult plant resistance to the predominant pathotypes ofP. graminis tritici. GenesSr7a,Sr23, andSrC, when present alone, did not confer acceptable adult plant resistance, even though low seedling reactions were associated with them when tested with the same pathotypes. Genetic recombination betweenLr13 andSr9e was estimated at 12.5%±2.3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: non-radioactive probes ; RNA or DNA hybridization ; ELISA ; potato virus Y ; potato aucuba mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Detection of potato virus Y (PVY) in dormant potato tubers using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been reported not to be accurate and reliable and it requires breaking of the dormancy of tubers prior to testing. We describe a simple, practical and highly sensitive hybridization method based on the use of biotinylated DNA probes for detecting PVY and potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV) in dilutions made of crude extracts of infected potato leaves and dormant tubers. As little as 50 fg of RNA can be detected by this method, and the probes are highly specific for their targets, even in crude plant extracts. The presence of one virus did not interfere with the detection of the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Synergistic reaction ; necrotic symptoms ; virus concentration ; ELISA ; PAGE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) and potato virus Y (PVY) were isolated from plants of cultivar Kennebec with severe necrotic symptoms in the field. In the greenhouse, severe necrotic symptoms were reproduced only when potato plants were infected either simultaneously with PSTV+PVY, or with PSTV prior to PVY infection. Thirteen additional potato cultivars were tested in the greenhouse for this synergistic reaction and eight developed necrotic responses similar to cv. Kennebec. PVY concentration was significantly higher in doubly infected plants, compared with those infected with PVY alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: apoptosis ; Bcl-2 ; fixed-bed ; hollow fibre ; hybridoma ; perfusion ; protein-free medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Apoptosis is an active, genetically determined death mechanism which can be induced by a wide range of physiological factors and by mild stress. It is the predominant form of cell death during the production of antibodies from murine hybridoma cell lines. A number of studies have now demonstrated that the suppression of this death pathway, by means of over-expression of survival genes such as bcl-2, results in improved cellular robustness and antibody productivity during batch culture. In the present study, the influence of bcl-2 expression on hybridoma productivity in two high density perfusion bioreactor systems was investigated. In the first system, a fixed-bed reactor, the DNA content in the spent medium was 25% higher in the control (TB/C3-pEF) culture than that found in the bcl-2 transfected (TB/C3-bcl2) cultures at all perfusion rates. This is indicative of a higher level of cell death in the control cell line. The average antibody concentration for the TB/C3-pEF cell line was 14.9 mg L-1 at perfusion rates of 2.6 and 5.2 d-1. However, for the TB/C3-bcl2 cell line it was 33 mg L-1 at dilution rates of 2 and 4 d-1. A substantial increase in antibody concentration was also found in the Integra Tecnomouse hollow fibre reactor. The antibody titre in the TB/C3-bcl2 cassette was nearly 100% higher than that in the TB/C3-pEF cassette during the cultivation period which lasted 6 weeks. Clearly, these results demonstrate the positive impact of bcl-2 over-expression on production of antibody in hybridoma perfusion cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: apoptosis ; bcl-2 ; cell death ; hybridoma ; osmolarity ; pH ; shear ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been demonstrated that the cell lines used for production of biopharmaceuticals are highly susceptible to apoptosis, and that over-expression of the bcl-2 oncogene can protect cells from death. Stress associated with the deprivation of nutrients has been shown to be the main cause of apoptosis in culture. We have extended these studies by investigating the mechanism of cell death under conditions of sub-optimal pH, shear stress and hyperosmolarity, and the protective action of bcl-2 over-expression. At pH 6, there was no clear evidence of protection from cell death. However, at pH 8, the viability of the bcl-2 transfected cells was about 20% higher relative to the control cells. Cultivation of control cells in a flat bottomed bioreactor with a magnetic stirrer bar without a pivot ring resulted in exposure of the cells to a high attrition effect. As a result, cell growth was retarded and a high level of cell death by apoptosis was observed. Under the same conditions, the bcl-2 transfected cell line exhibited a nearly five fold increase in viable cell number. This finding indicates that under apoptosis-suppressed conditions, shear stress can stimulate cell growth. Batch cultivation of both control and bcl-2 transfected cells in 350 and 400 mOsm media resulted in suppression of cell growth, athough the effect was most marked in the control cell line. Adaptation of control cells to 400 mOsm proved to be impossible to achieve. However, the bcl-2 transfected cells exhibited resistance to the osmotic stress resulting in long term adaptation to a high salt environment. Specific productivity of bcl-2 transfected cells grown in high osmolarity medium was 100% higher than that produced by non- adapted bcl-2 transfected cells grown in normal osmolarity medium. These results demonstrate that bcl-2 has a beneficial effect on hybridoma cultivation under a wide range of culture stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; stem rust ; Puccinia recondita tritici ; leaf rust ; rust resistance ; seedling resistance ; adult-plant resistance ; genetic linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seven genes, viz. Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr8a, Sr9b, Sr12 and Sr17 were associated with seedling resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici in Kenya Plume wheat. The predominant field cultures were avirulent on seedlings with Sr7a, but possessed virulence for the other six genes. However, Sr7a did not confer adult-plant resistance when present on its own. Adult-plant resistance was attributed to Sr2 and possibly also to the interaction of Sr7a and Sr12. Two genes, Lr13 and Lr14a, were identified in seedling tests with various cultures of Puccinia recondita tritici. Lr13 conferred adult-plant resistance to the predominant field strains. Genetic recombination between Lr13 and Sr9b was estimated at 17.6±3.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 73 (1996), S. 267-275 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Earth atmosphere ; ionosphere ; whistlers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Whistler precursors observed during day time at low latitude ground station Gulmarg (Geomag. Lat. 24
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 73 (1996), S. 277-290 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Earth atmosphere ; ionosphere ; whistlers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Higher harmonic tweeks observed for the first time at the low latitude station Varanasi (geomag. lat. 14
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: atmospheric plasma ; ionosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of whistlers during quiet times made at low-latitude ground station Nainital (geomag. lat. 19
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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