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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Early antigens ; Late antigens ; Recombinant antigens ; Immunglobulins G1-G3, A and M ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the development of effective prophylaxis (hyperimmune globulins) and improvement of serological testing for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised patients it is essential to characterize the viral encoded proteins and the humoral immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies and immunglobulin class and IgG subclass reactivity to “early” and “late” HCMV proteins. The major neutralizing epitopes have been identified and screening of donor sera for neutralizing antibody by either conventional neutralization assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens may help to improve the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin prophylaxis. The humoral response to individual HCMV proteins has been thoroughly investigated in immunocompromised patients. Antibodies against HCMV induced “early” antigens are not exclusively associated with active infection but may indicate an elevated risk for cytomegalic inclusion disease in immunocompromised patients. With a sensitive western blot technique. IgM and IgA antibodies against HCMV “late” proteins can be detected in sera from healthy seropositive individuals. Serum samples from subjects suffering from cytomegalic inclusion disease show significantly larger broader immune responses compared with healthy HCMV antibody carriers. Promising results using recombinant antigens corresponding to immunodominant epitopes for the detection of HCMV specific antibodies have been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ; 90K (Mac-2BP) ; viral load ; progression markers ; immune system activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 90K is a secreted serum glycoprotein with immune stimulatory activity. In this study, 90K plasma levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 18 HIV-1-infected children and 10 uninfected control children. 90K levels in HIV-1-infected children (median, 12.5 μg/ml) were higher than in HIV-1 uninfected control group (6.3 μg/ml; P 〈 0.05). 90K levels of HIV-1-infected children classified as stage B and C (median, 15.0 μg/ml and 22.7 μg/ml, respectively) were higher compared to children with stage A disease (median, 7.0 μg/ml; P 〈 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.5; P 〈 0.05) was found between 90K levels and HIV-1 RNA levels in 137 plasma samples of 18 HIV-1-infected children collected during a period of 1 year. No correlation was found between 90K levels and CD4 cell counts. These results suggest that 90K plasma levels may represent a novel marker of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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