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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 367 (1975), S. 181-194 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant Hyperthermia ; Latent Myopathy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die maligne Hyperthermie ist charakterisiert durch einen rapiden Anstieg der Körpertemperatur, Muskelkontraktionen und zunehmende Hypoxie. Sie ist eine moderne Narkosekomplikation mit einem sehr hohen Letalitätsrisiko von über 60%. Da über die morphologischen Veränderungen bei maligner Hyperthermie sehr wenig bekannt ist, wurden an Muskelbiopsien von 3 Patienten mit maligner Hyperthermie und einem sog. Risikopatienten histologische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Histologisch zeigten sich akute Muskelfasernekrosen, außerdem wurden Hinweise für eine latente Myopathie erhoben. Histochemisch ergab sich, daß beide Muskelfasertypen I und II befallen waren. Mit der Phosphorylase-Reaktion konnten auch bei Fasern, die bei üblicher histologischer Bearbeitung unauffällig waren, pathologische Veränderungen nachgewiesen werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch konnten neben einer akuten Rhabdomyolyse eine Erweiterung der Zisternen des sarkoplasmatischen Beticulums und eine eigentümliche Einrollung bzw. Wucherung des Sarkolemms beobachtet werden. Die Befunde unterstützen die pathogenetische Vorstellung anderer Autoren, daß dieses Syndrom, das durch Inhalationsnarcotica und Muskelrelaxantien (Halothan bzw. Succinylcholin) ausgelöst wird, auf der Grundlage eines Defektes caloiumspeichernder Membranen des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums beruht. Wegen des familiären Auftretens dieser Komplikation sollte angestrebt werden, klinische, laborchemische und morphologische Untersuchungen auch bei den Verwandten solcher Patienten zum Ausschluß einer derartigen latenten Myopathie durchzuführen.
    Notes: Summary Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but severe complication of modern anesthesia, induced by halothane and succinylcholine. The syndrome is characterized by a rapid sustained and extreme rise in body temperature associated with muscular rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnoea and cyanosis. The lethality is about 60%. The present paper describes the histological, histochemical and electron microscopical findings performed on muscle biopsies of 3 patients with malignant hyperthermia (1 patient died) and a so called risk patient. In all patients morphological findings consistent with a pre-existent myopathy were found. Histologioally there were acute necrotic muscular fibers as well as in types I and II, variations in the fiber diameter and centralization of the nuclei. In two cases even fibers that had a normal aspect in HE slides, showed a pathologic pattern after phosphorylase reaction. In addition to acute rhabdomyolysis, electron-microscopic investigations revealed cystic expansion of the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with a peculiar proliferation of the sarcolemma. In a degenerating mitochondrium, a crystalline inclusion was identified. These findings support the pathogenetic concept of Britt and coworkers of a functional defect in the calcium release or binding mechanism of sareoplasmic reticulum. Since it is known that malignant hyperthermia has a familial predilection, it seems very important that clinical, biochemical, and morphological investigations be performed such as CPK estimations and muscular biopsies not only of the patients but also of the relatives in order to rule out this type of latent myopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1983), S. 263-275 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: GFAP ; Medulloblastoma ; Pineoblastoma ; Cerebral Neuroblastoma ; Medulloepithelioma ; Small-cell Glioma of Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Investigation of GFAP in 50 medulloblastomas showed a few GFAP-positive tumour cells in 5 cases only; 17 tumours were negative, and 28 showed a “pseudopositivity”, i.e. GFAP-bearing cells were identified as reactive or degenerating astrocytes, intermingled with tumour elements. A high GFAP content was seen in 2 small-cell gliomas of the cerebellum, whereas 3 pineoblastomas, 2 neuroblastomas of CNS, and one medulloepithelioma were negative. GFAP is a very good method for identificating astrocytes, but does not seem to be reliable for identifying the origin of undifferentiated tumours such as medulloblastomas. In these neoplasms glial differentiation is lacking or extremely rare, GFAP-positivity being mostly an artifact. The investigation of small tumour samples or the positivity of a single cell are inadequate data for a correct evaluation of the findings, especially taking in mind that GFAP of degenerated astrocytes can be phagocytised by cells other than glial (e.g., macrophages, epithelial and meningioma cells). The importance of carefully checking the whole structure of the tumour is stressed, GFAP positivity or negativity being not a sufficient criterion for its nosological classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pallido-luysio-nigral atrophy ; Motor neuron disease ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of motor neuron disease (MND) with pallido-luysio-nigral atrophy (PLNA) is reported. The 45-year-old male patient presented with lower motor neuron symptoms and signs of basal ganglia disturbance. He died after a progressive course of 7 months. Neuropathological examination revealed motor neuron loss at all spinal cord levels with sparing of Onuf's nucleus. Nerve cell loss and gliosis were also present in substantia nigra, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus. The presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions, a hallmark of most variants of MND, confirms this case as an example of MND. At immunoelectron microscopy the granules were distributed on filamentous material. The combination of clinically apparent PLNA with MND has only been described twice previously. The relationship of this syndrome to other forms of MND and its nosological placement are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Infantile multiple system atrophy ; Ubiquitin ; Neuronal intraunclear hyaline inclusion disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report presents a case of infantile multiple system atrophy with probably autosomal recessive inheritance. The female patient developed generalized muscular hypotonia, myoclonias and tonic-clonic seizures at the age of 8 months, followed by gradual development of choreoathetotic hyperkinesia and increasing psychomotor retardation. Metabolic disease was ruled out and the child died of aspiration pneumonia at the age of 5 years. General autopsy was unremarkable, but neuropathological examination showed degeneration of cerebellum, inferior olives, medial thalamus, Clarke's nucleus, anterior horn cells, corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts, and posterior columns. Immunohistochemically many neurons contained intranuclear and intracytoplasmic ubiquitin-positive inclusions, which did not contain neurofilament or tau epitopes and ultrastructurally consisted of granulofilamentous material. We tentatively classify this case as a form of infantile multiple system atrophy linked to neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Sympathetic Ganglioneuroblastoma ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of combined tissue culture, ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on a sympathetic ganglioneuroblastoma are reported.In vitro a vigorous sprouting of newly formed neuritic processes was observed a few days after explantation. The enzymatic reactions for acethylcholinesterase were positivein situ as well asin vitro. The tumor elements showed the ultrastructural characteristics of nerve cells with many microtubuli and filaments, plenty of ribosomes, well developed endoplasmic reticulum. Dense bodies, corresponding to neurosecretion granula (catecholamines) were also observed. Synaptic structures were missing. The results of these investigations confirm that this kind of tumor is different from so-called medulloblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Keratine ; Enamel ; Rosenthal Fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron optical and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on four craniopharyngiomas and their tissue cultures demonstrated that the tumour elements are keratinizing epithelial cells, plenty of tonofilaments, glycogen granules, mitochondria and desmosomes. Their ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics are the same in every part of the tumour (solid; cystic; “adamantinoma-like”). In the keratinizing cells, the reactions for non-specific esterases were high positive. The ultrastructural characteristics of the tumour cells grownin vitro are the same as thosein situ; the cells remain attached to one another by desmosomes and retain their capacity to produce keratine. This therefore seems to be a primary characteristic of the tumour cells and not a secondary dysmetabolic disturbance. Calcium was found onlyin situ. That the tumour cells may produce enamelin situ seems to be possible, but it could not be confirmed with certainty. The glial proliferation which is always presentin situ, is reactive and not neoplastic; thein vitro new built cell colonies consist only of epithelial elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 16 (1970), S. 271-284 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Electron Microscopy ; Arachnoid Sarcoma ; Lymphocyte-Like Cells ; Dark Cells ; Histogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 9 Medulloblastome wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Sie zeigten eine relativ einheitliche histologische und cytologische Struktur. Die Tumorzellen haben eine wechselnde Form, wenig Organellen und in der Regel zahlreiche cytoplasmatische Fortsätze. In Gewebspartikeln, die nach der vorherigen lichtmikroskopischen Untersuchung aus dem Tumorzentrum stammten, wurden keine Zellen mit glialer oder neuronaler Differenzierung beobachtet. Nur in den am Tumorrand gelegenen Infiltrationszonen, wo die Tumorgrenze nicht mehr sicher zu bestimmen war, fanden sich gliale oder neuronale Zellelemente. — Das Medulloblastom hat die wesentlichen morphologischen Kriterien der kleinzelligen Sarkome und des embryonalen Gewebes. Deren gemeinsames Charakteristicum, daß sie nämlich keine speziellen Differenzierungen besitzen, ist auch eine spezifische Eigenschaft des Medulloblastoms.
    Notes: Summary 9 medulloblastomas were investigated by electron microscopy. They all showed a rather unique histological and cytological structure. The cells were differently shaped, had in general many cytoplasmic processes and only few organells. Special differentiations which would have made tumour elements look like glial or neural cells were not observed when the tissue samples under investigation were carefully selected by light microscopical examination. Glial or neural elements were found only in infiltration zones where no clear distinction between pre-existing cerebellar and tumourous tissues could be made by conventional histological investigation. Medulloblastomas have essentially the same appearance as parvicellular sarcomas or embryonic tissues. Their common characteristic, viz. that they usually show no special differentiation, is also the most specific quality of medulloblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Immunoelectrophoresis ; Medulloblastoma ; Posterior fossa tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoelectrophoresis of extracts of 200 intracranial tumours against rabbit anti-glioblastoma serum gave positive results (= precipitation) in all cases of tumours of neuroectodermal origin such as glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, neurinoma, and spongioblastoma. No immunoelectrophoretic precipitation was seen for any of the tumours of mesenchymal origin, for instance meningioma and metastases of cancer. On the basis of these findings, immunoelectrophoresis is considered to be a reliable method for differentiation between tumour tissue of neuroectodermal and non-neuroectodermal origin. Among the 41 posterior fossa tumours some unusual observations were made. Cerebellar angioblastoma (Lindau tumour) showed an atypically located precipitation line, which for the present is interpreted as an immunological reaction to vascular wall tissue. Furthermore, among the group of so-called medulloblastomas, two subgroups were distinguished on the basis of three parameters. The first of these subgroups comprises tumours whose immunoelectrophoretic pattern resembles that of gliomas, which are histologically characterized by neuroectodermal structures and which occur in younger children (5–10 years). The tumours of the second subgroup, which do not show this neuroectodermal immunoelectrophoretic pattern, have a sarcomatous character histologically, and occur in patients aged between 10 and 50 years. The view that medulloblastoma comprises a number of different types of tumour seems to be confirmed by this finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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