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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - Trichloroethylene (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 53 (1998), S. 467-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: risk assessment ; chlorinated compound ; environmental ; marine ; exposure ; aquatic toxicity ; monitoring ; trichloroethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This risk assessment on trichloroethylene (TRI) was carried out specifically for the marine environment, according to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1997). The study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) and the "predicted no effect concentrations" (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 19 studies for fish, 30 studies for invertebrates and 14 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic toxicity studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to define a PNEC value of 150 µg/l. Most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuaries and were used to calculate PECs. The most recent data (1991-1995) support a typical PEC of 0.1 µg TRI/l water and a worst case PEC of 3.5 µg TRI/l water. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios give a safety margin of 40 to 1,500 between the predicted no effect concentration and the exposure concentration. Additional evaluation of environmental fate and bioaccumulation characteristics showed that no concern for food chain accumulation is expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006066600350
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - Chloroform (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 53 (1998), S. 401-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: risk assessment ; chlorinated compound ; environmental ; marine ; exposure ; aquatic toxicity ; monitoring ; chloroform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This risk assessment on chloroform was carried out specifically for the marine environment, according to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1997). The study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) and the "predicted no effect concentrations" (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 23 studies for fish, 17 studies for invertebrates and 10 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic toxicity studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to define a typical PNEC value of 72 µg/l. Due to limitations of the studies evaluated, a worst PNEC of 1 µg/l could also be used. Most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuaries and were used to calculate PECs. The most recent data (1991-1995) support a typical PEC of 0.2 µg chloroform per litre of water and a worst case PEC of 5 to 11.5 µg chloroform per litre of water. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios give a safety margin of 6 to 360 between the predicted no effect concentration and the exposure concentrations. A worst case ratio, however, points to a potential risk for sensitive species. Refinement of the assessment is necessary by looking for more data. Additional evaluation of environmental fate and bioaccumulation characteristics showed that no concern is expected for food chain accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006010515371
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - Tetrachloroethylene (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 53 (1998), S. 489-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: risk assessment ; chlorinated compound ; environmental ; marine ; exposure ; aquatic toxicity ; monitoring ; tetrachloroethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This risk assessment on tetrachloroethylene (PER) was carried out specifically for the marine environment, according to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1997). The study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) and the "predicted no effect concentrations" (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 18 studies for fish, 13 studies for invertebrates and 8 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic toxicity studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to define a PNEC value of 51 µg/l. Most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuary waters and were used to calculate PECs. The most recent data (1991-1995) support a typical PEC of 0.2 µg PER/l water and a worst case PEC of 2.5 µg PER/l water. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios give a safety margin of 20 to 250 between the predicted no effect concentration and the exposure concentration. Additional evaluation of environmental fate and bioaccumulation characteristics showed that no concern is expected for food chain accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006018717188
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 53 (1998), S. 447-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: risk assessment ; chlorinated compound ; marine ; environmental ; exposure ; aquatic toxicity ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This risk assessment on 1,1,2-trichloroethane (T112) was carried out specifically for the marine environment, according to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1997). The study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) and the "predicted no effect concentrations" (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 22 studies for fish, 45 studies for invertebrates and 9 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic toxicity studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to define a PNEC value of 300 µg/l. Most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuaries and were used to calculate PECs. The most recent data (1991-1995) support a typical PEC of 0.01 µg T112/l water and a worst case PEC of 5 µg T112/l water. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios give a safety margin of 60 to 30,000 between the predicted no effect concentration and the exposure concentration. Additional evaluation of environmental fate and bioaccumulation characteristics showed that no concern is expected for food chain accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006014616279
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - 1,2-Dichloroethane (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 53 (1998), S. 425-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: risk assessment ; chlorinated compound ; environmental ; marine ; exposure ; aquatic toxicity ; monitoring ; 1,2-dichloroethane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This risk assessment on 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) was carried out specifically for the marine environment, according to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1997). The study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) and the "predicted no effect concentrations" (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 21 studies for fish, 17 studies for invertebrates and 7 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic toxicity studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to define a PNEC value of 1100 µg/l. Most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuaries and were used to calculate PECs. The most recent data (1991-1995) support a typical PEC of 0.5 µg EDC/l and a worst case PEC of 6.4 µg EDC/l. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios give a safety margin of 170 to 2200 between the predicted no effect concentration and the exposure concentration. Additional evaluation of environmental fate and bioaccumulation characteristics showed that no concern is expected for food chain accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006062532209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformal grid generation for high aspect ratio simply and doubly connected regions (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3817-3830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: conformal map ; grid generation ; high aspect ratio ; airfoil ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Conformal co-ordinate transformations are used to map rectangular computational domains onto arbitrary simply and doubly connected regions with smooth boundaries. The efficient numerical schemes of Wegmann involving the solution of the inverse boundary correspondence function problems associated with the mapping of the unit disc or circular annulus onto simply or doubly connected domains, respectively, are employed. The numerical implementation of these schemes is emphasized. Examples are generated for regions with elliptic inner and outer boundaries. Additional examples are used to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the schemes and their practical limitations. The techniques are found to converge well if holomorphic functions are used to describe the boundaries. The use of preconditioning maps is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620382206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The instability of jets of arbitrary exit geometry (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 763-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a calculation technique to determine the linear instability characteristics of jets of arbitrary exit geometry. In particular, elliptic and rectangular jets are considered. The numerical procedure involves both a conformal transformation between the computational domain and the physical plane and a solution of the transformed stability equation in the computational domain. Modern, efficient, conformal mappings are used for both simply and doubly connected domains. The numerical solution is based on a hybrid finite difference/pseudospectral discretization of the stability equation. The technique is validated by comparison with previous stability calculations for circular and elliptic jets. Calculations are performed for the stability characteristics of elliptic and rectangular jets of aspect ratio 2:1. Growth rates, phase velocities, and pressure eigenfunctions are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650210905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-element models of viscoelasticity and diffusion in adhesively bonded joints (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2531-2546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper contains a description of the finite-element model based on Schapery's non-linear viscoelastic constitutive equation for the adhesive, a non-linear generalized Fickean diffusion model and an updated Lagrangian formulation of a two-dimensional stress state, to analyse adhesively bonded joints. The finite-element analysis program, called NOVA, is used to analyse a number of adhesive joints, and the results are compared with existing experimental results and analytical solutions.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LEAST-SQUARES SOLUTIONS OF A GENERAL NUMERICAL METHOD FOR ARBITRARY IRREGULAR GRIDS (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 1701-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: coupled least squares ; irregular grids ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This article describes a computational method to calculate solutions of elliptic boundary value problems using arbitrary irregular grids. The main feature of the numerical method is its ability to approximate solutions of differential equations without co-ordinate mapping or metric tensor information. For linear differential equations, the numerical method yields coupled linear systems on local computational cells. Optimal least-squares solutions of coupled linear systems are discussed and applied to the scheme. The numerical method is used to simulate potential flow for two model problems. The computational results are in very good agreement with analytical solutions. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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